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History of Aphrodisias - Private Aphrodisias Tours

11/19/2020

2 Comments

 
Aphrodisias was a small Greek city in the province of Caria. The current ancient city is located nearby the village of Geyre. It takes approx. 2.5 hours drive (140 miles) from Kusadasi to reach Aphrodisias. Aphrodisias, unlike Ephesus has never been a port city. The city is 62 miles inland from the coast. Aphrodisias is 2000 feet above sea level and located by the 8000 feet mountain called Babadag (known as Salbakos in the ancient times). The city before adopting the name ''Aphrodisias'', it was named as Lelegeopolis, Megapolis and Ninoi. The name "Ninoi" is given by the Asyrians who settled this area. Ninoi is also the name of a city located in Asyria. Asyrians introduced Ishtar culture to the city. Probably, the words Star and Easter is derived from the goddess Ishtar. Aphrodisias, covers an area of 200 acres and generally is a flat city.
Visit the ruins of the ancient Roman town of Aphrodisias and have a relaxing day out.
Private Aphrodisias Tour from Kusadasi
Private tour of Aphrodisias review
Unlike many other ancient cities in Anatolia, Aphrodisias 
was discovered by a famous Turkish photographer Mr. Ara Guler in 1958. He was travelling through villages and towns. He was in the village of Geyre and noted a village that has so many ancient remains that the villagers live without knowing their importance. Afterwards Ara Guler was in touch with the Turkish Archaeologist Mr. Kenan Erim from New York University. Excavations began in the 1960s. Kenan Erim devoted his life to excavate this ancient city. Since this city is lately discovered, you do not see any remains from this city in British Museum or any other museums outside Turkey.
Aphrodisias became an artistic center with a famous school of sculpture. The city was also famous with ceremonies made in Aphrodite Temple in the name of Aphrodite. Ruined because of the earthquakes. In the 4th and 7th century. Major earthquakes happened and changed the route of the rivers nearby. The City was under flood due to change of route of water. After 7th century earthquakes, the city lost its importance. In the 6th century. The name of Aphrodisias was changed to Stauroupolis, meaning the city of the Cross, to erase the pagan goddess of love from peoples minds. As the capital of Caria, Aphrodisias was finally called Caria which then became Geyre in Turkish. Later in the 13th century, the city was abandoned.  

Aphrodisias
 was founded near a marble quarry that was extensively used in the Hellenistic and Roman times. The closest quarry was half a mile away from Aphrodisias. The marble sculptures of Aphrodisias became very famous during the Roman period. Many examples have been excavated in Aphrodisias. The sculptors of Aphrodisias became famous and benefited from a great supply of quality marble nearby. There was a famous school of sculpture here which was very productive. A lot of sculpture can be seen today around the ancient city and in the museum. Many finished and unfinished statues discovered in the area. Unfinished statues prove the existence of a Sculpturing School. Many sarcophagi were excavated at several locations in site, frequently decorated with designs of garland, columns, figures of people, birds and animals. Names of many sculptors from Aphrodisias have been seen in lots of works in Italy, Greece and elsewhere.   
Aphrodisias day trip from Kusadasi
Photo of Ara Guler in 1958
Excavations in the theater hill have revealed layers of settlement going back to the Bronze Age. Aphrodisias was founded in the 5800 BC and flourished under the Roman Empire. First settlers were Carians, Pelasgians and Lelegians. Aphrodisias is mentioned in the 1st century BC by geographer Strabo.

Aphrodisias was named after Aphrodite, the goddess of love. Aphrodite was known to Romans as Venus. The name of the city has the same root as the word "aphrodisiac". Both words derive from the Greek name Aphrodite, the goddess of love, Aphrodisias was one of several ancient cities dedicated to the goddess of love. Within the borders of Caria, during the Roman period, following the assassination of Julius Ceasar in 44 BC. The assasins, Brutus and Cassius fled to Asia Minor where they invaded many cities. Aphrodisias, remained loyal to Ceasar. There is evidence that the city was attacked by the supporters of Cassius and Brutus. The main reason, keeping the city loyal to Ceasar is because of Zoilos, the former slave of Ceasar who was freed by Octavian. Mark Antony recognized the autonomy of Aphrodisias in the 1st century BC.   
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Fame of Aphrodisias is not only limited to arts. It also had a number of renowned scholars and writers as well as philosophers, of whom the most notable ones were Xenocrates and Alexander of Aphrodisias. Alexander was a famous philosopher from Aphrodisias. He followed the teachings of Aristotle. Born in Aphrodisias and lived and taught in Athens at the beginning of the 3rd century, where he held a position as head of the Peripatetic school that is founded by Aristotle. He wrote many commentaries on the works of Aristotle (Aristotle, was a Greek philosopher who lived in the 4th century BC. One of the students of Plato and tutor of Alexander the Great.)

Statues were carved from the local white, grayish blue Carian marble, mostly from Babadag (Salbakos), nearby mountain. Sculptors from other areas came to Aphrodisias for annual sculpture competitions. The eyes of the statues found here are full of expression and vitality and the bodies seem capable of moving. The public monuments in Aphrodisias were decorated with "peopled scrolls" which were one of the characteristics of stone carving produced by the school of sculpture in Aphrodisias. Some masterpieces have the signatures of their creators who are especially experts in relief and sarcophagus production. Many sarcophagi were decorated with lively reliefs, symbolizing the desire to deny the emptiness of death and its eternal darkness. These sculptors imposed their creative mastery over iron and marble. Iron tools and instruments were to achieve victory and greatness not only in battle fields but in the field of sculpture as well. Anatolia was in a period when matchless works of sculpture were created. The old traditions of Anatolian sculpture reached a phase of lively fineness and beauty of expression. 

Aphrodisias was a special city and beloved by Augustus. Due to this it was exempted from paying taxes. There could be several reasons for this:
  • The connection between the goddess and the imperial house was also a particularly politic one at the time, as the family of Julius Caesar, Octavian Augustus, and their successors claimed divine descent from Venus/Aphrodite. Aphrodite was the mother of Aeneas from Troy. After the Trojan war, Aeneas fled away from Troy. Romans believed that they are descendants of Aeneas and royal Trojans. In Roman inscription Troy is mentioned as Ilius. It is believed that the name Julius is derived from Ilius.
  • Zoilos a good friend and a former slave of Augustus was from this city.
  • Aphrodisias, was an artisan city. Sculptors from Aphrodisias made statues for emperors and commanders from all over the Roman Empire.

In a letter written by Emperor Augustus to Stephanus (governor of Laodicea), Aphoridisias is privileged:
​
''Caesar to Stephanus
Greetings.
You know my affection for my friend Zoilos.
I have freed his native city and recommended it to Antonius.
Since Antonius is absent, take care that. No burden falls upon them.
This one city, I have taken for my own out of all Asia.
I wish this people to be protected as my own townsmen.
I shall be watching to see that you carry out my recommendation to the full.''
Experience Aphrodisias local life, culture and food with a private guide! You will visit one of the most famous archaeological sites in the world.
Sarcophagi from Aphrodisias
Experience the best Aphrodisias Tours. Our Aphrodisias guided tours are departing from Kusadasi, Selcuk and Sirince.
Tetrapylon
With the tax-free status Aphrodisias became a popular pilgrimage destination. Starting from 1st century BC, in Aphrodisias, a long period of prosperity began. The city gained a reputation of being an artistic, cultural center and as well as a center for religious activity. Many important writers and philosophers like Alexander of Aphrodisias lived in this city.

Tetrapylon was a monumental gateway that leaded entrance to the Temple of Aphrodite. The gateway was built in the late 2nd century AD during the reign of Hadrian. It had 4 rows of 4 columns. It is thought to have marked the intersection of a major street with a sacred way heading toward the sanctuary of Aphrodite.

The Temple of Aphrodite was the main attraction of the Ancient City of Aphrodisias. Historians think that before this temple was built here, there was an earlier cult for Mesopotamian goddess Ishtar who is known as goddess of fertility and sex. There were festivals in the name Ishtar at the beginning of spring. These celebrations are made for the arrival of spring in the name of Ishtar. The name Ishtar is also associated with the word Easter. The building was converted into a church during the Byzantine period. From this church, historians mention twenty bishops from Aphrodisias who attended the ecumenical councils in the early times of Christianity. The building was originally designed as an Ionic temple with 40 columns arranged in an 8 by 13 rectangle shape. Once it was converted into a church, the columns at each end were removed, an apse was built in the eastern section, and a baptistery and an atrium were added to the west. On some columns donor names are being noted. Life in the city was concentrated on the Temple of Aphrodite. The cult of Aphrodite was so popular that it took some time before Christianity was fully accepted by Aphrodisians.  The temple was founded here in the 1st century BC with the funding made by Zoilos.

Worship to Aphrodite goes back to 7th century BC to Assyrians who came here from Mesopotamia and settled here and worshiped to a goddess named as Ishtar who is also the goddess of love. The similarities between Aphrodite and Ishtar are generally well-recognized. In Mesopotamian mythology, Ishtar was the principal goddess of the Babylonians and Assyrians. She was both the compassionate mother of all life, who brought fertility and relief from sickness, and the lustful goddess of sexual love and war.  
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Private tours of Aphrodisias and Ephesus led by top-rated guides.
Stadium of Aphrodisias with our tour guide Mr. Orcun Kamit
Stadium of Aphrodisias, is one of the best preserved stadium in Anatolia with a 30,000 spectator capacity. Originally it had a blind arcade on top of the highest row surrounding all the seats. The stadium was used for gladiatorial fights, chariot races, sporting, musical and dramatic events. The eastern part of the arena was for gladiatorial fights. This is a hybrid structure, a mixture of a Greek stadium and a Roman Arena. Therefore, it was used for sport events, executions and gladiatorial fights. Reserved seat carvings on seats can still be noticed at the seats of the stadium. Women were not attending athletic events since all the men was competing nude. The Stadium was double size of the population of Aphrodisias. Probably, a smaller type of Olympic Games in the name of Aphrodite was held here.

Bouleuterion (senate house), is located at the north side of the North Agora. The original building was vaulted.
Seating capacity is expected to be about 1750. Archaeologists found many unfinished statue pieces and sculpturing tools during the excavations done in the area between Bouleterion and Aphrodite temple. For this reason the place is considered as the famous sculpture school of Aphrodite in archaic ages. The school was actively used from 1st century BC until 6th century AD, Some historians believe that there were some sculpturing artists moved to the city from Pergamon after the death of Attalus 3rd who inherited his empire and treasure to the Roman Empire in the second century BC. The artists who were left without work moved to Aphrodisias. The reputation of the artists of Aphrodisias was beyond Anatolia and Rome.

Baths of Hadrian were built under Hadrian in the 2C AD. Hadrian visited the city of Aphrodisias and these roman baths were constructed in the memory of his visit. There were two pairs of large rooms on either side of a huge central hall called the caldarium.  Total 4 sections as Apodyterium (Chaging rooms), Fridgiderium (Cold Rooms), Tepiderium (Luke warm/tepid room) and Caldarium (Hot/Steam Room). 

During the excavations in the villa of Hadrian in Tivoli, Italy. Archeologists discovered many statues made in Aphrodisas.

South Agora also known as the Portico of Tiberius, had an Ionic colonnade which has partially been restored, was started during the reign of Tiberius, 1st century AD. The central area of the portico is occupied by a huge basin or pool, with two semicircular extremities at the north and east ends. The portico may well have been a gymnasium or a palaestra with an exercise area between the colonnade and the pool.

North Agora, was mainly used for commercial reasons. This was the marketplace. In the middle of North Agora. The Monumental Tomb of Zoilos was located.

Theater was built in the late Hellenistic period and later restored in the 1st century BC, and according to its inscription it was dedicated to Aphrodite and the people of the city by Gaius Julius Zoilos, a former slave of Gaius Julius Ceasar and later on inherited to Octavian. Octavian gave freedom to Zoilos.  The seating capacity was 8,000. The stage building consisted of six vaulted dressing or storage rooms out of which four opened into the corridor behind the proskene. The stage building wall in the north parados had Greek inscriptions of important documents related to the history of the city such as letters of emperors to the city or senatorial decrees. The orchestra and the stage building were restored in the 2nd century AD in order to make the building more suitable for animal or gladiatorial fights. The theater was seriously damaged in the 7th century, and the Byzantines built houses on top of the cavea and converted the hill into a fortress by circling it with walls and towers. In the excavations an inscription is found saying that Julius Galius Caesar gifted a Golden Eros statue to Aphrodite. The statue is later stolen from the city and taken to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus. From the inscription it is thought that Caesar was in the city of Aphrodisias. The levelled seat rows show that there were gladiatorial games played in the theater.

Tetrastoon, originally surrounded by four (tetra) colonnades on all sides with a round fountain in the center, had several functions in the Roman and Byzantine city. First it was a meeting place for the citizens and also by having surrounding small shops served as a marketplace. Finally, it gave access to the theater. To the south of the tetrastoon was the Imperial Hall with theater baths which have not been completely excavated. 

Sebasteion, was a early 1st century AD shrine in which the emperor was worshiped. The building was built after the death of Zoilos in 20 AD, to have good relations with Rome the capital. Sebasteion derived from the Ancient Greek  word "Sebastos", which is the Greek equivalent of "Augustus". The structure had 3 stories. Each story was decorated with three different column orders, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian. The building was first unearthed in 1979 it appeared to have no relation to any other building but, as excavations were carried down to deeper levels, it became apparent that this consisted of a temple dedicated to the cult of the Emperor Augustus (Sebastos is the Greek equivalent of the Latin Augustus). Excavations yielded a quite extraordinary quantity of reliefs and decorative panels. Second story display famous stories from the Greek Mythology. Third story the success stories of Julius Ceasar and his dynasty. The most remarkable of these included depictions of the birth of Eros, the Three Graces, Apollo in Delphi, Meleager, Achilles and Penthesilea, Nyssa and the child Dionysus. There are also reliefs of some members of the imperial family and mythological figures. Those identified include Augustus, Germanicus, Lucius, Gaius Caesar, Claudius and Agrippa, together with Prometheus and Aeneas fleeing from Troy. There is also a fascinating group of reliefs symbolizing Claudius's conquest of Britain and Nero's conquest of Armenia. There are also a number of fragments depicting the peoples of the various countries with which Augustus had waged war or formed other types of relationships but these have suffered severe earthquake damage.

The longest Jewish inscription from the Classical world was also discovered by the Archaeolgists in Aphrodisias. The inscription written on a pillar is dating back to 3rd century AD and describing 126 donors. Probably the donors of a synagogue in Aphrodisias. According to the inscription excavated in Aphrodisias we know there was major Jewish community living in the city and descriptions of the synagogue. In the inscriptions names of the Jews, the people who have sympathy to Jews and their occupations were noted. 54 of the donors were named as Theosebeis. People who had sympathy to Jews were named as 'Theosebeis' meaning Godfearers. Theosebeis people were gentiles who had sympathy to Jews and Judaism but did not change their pagan faith.

Aphrodisias was, in ancient terms, a medium-sized town (90 
hectares, with a population of maybe 15,000-20.000 inhabitants), but one
with a typically metropolitan grandeur of architectural design. The 
monuments and marble sculptures show a distinctive period of
 ancient city life. The most prosperous days of Aphrodisias was between 1st century BC and 2nd century AD. The city lost its tax-free status after 3rd century AD due to administrative and political changes.  

We offer private tours to Aphrodisias from Kusadasi, Sirince and Selcuk.
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Cost of Private Aphrodisias Tour :
Mercedes V-Class (1-6 people) + English Speaking Tour Guide: 200 Euro
(For groups over 6 people, please contact us for the cost.)

Rates Cover:
- Services of an excellent English speaking Guide
-  A/C Mercedes MPV
- All transportation costs.
- Tax, service charges
- Traditional Turkish Lunch
- Parking fees

Rates Do Not Cover:
- Entrance to the sites. (Cost of Entrance Fee: 24 Turkish LIras = 3 Euro per person)
- Drinks during lunch


If requested a day tour of Aphrodisias tour can be combined with Pamukkale (Hierapolis).
We offer 2 and 3 days private tours of Ephesus, Aphrodisias, Pamukkale and more:

2 Days Western Turkey Tour - Ephesus, Pamukkale, Aphrodisias...
3 Days West Turkey Tour - Pergamon, Ephesus, Pamukkale, Aphrodisias...
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For more information please contact us.

2 Comments

3 Days Western Turkey Tour - Pergamon, Ephesus, Pamukkale

11/20/2019

4 Comments

 
​We have been receiving requests for 3 Days West Turkey tour including visits to Pergamon, Ephesus and Pamukkale We offer 3 days private tour of Western Turkey. For these private tours we recommend to overnight in Kusadasi.
Below please find suggested tour program and costs:

Day 1- Arrive Izmir - Pergamon - Overnight in Kusadasi
Boarding your vehicle in Izmir airport drive to the north of Izmir, pass fertile fields and olive trees, to the present day, modern town of Bergama, once known as Pergamon, a great center of culture. The ancient city was a capital of the Pergamon Kingdom, and it was here that parchment paper was invented. Today, Pergamon is one of Turkey's finest archeological sites. Drive up to the Acropolis, to see the remains of the citadel and the city walls, the foundations of the Zeus Altar, and the Royal Palace. The famous Pergamon Library once contained 200.000 scrolls which were a gift to Cleopatra from Mark Anthony. Walk through the Agora and see the restored Trajan Temple and the remains of the Demeter, Athena and Dionysus Temples. On the steep slopes of the Acropolis you will visit the Theatre, which once held as many 15.000 spectators, view the town and its surroundings from this site.  Continue to the town en route, see the Red Basilica which was used as a temple dedicated to the Egyptian godess of Serapis. Enjoy lunch in local Restaurant of Bergama and have a taste of Turkish food. In the afternoon, visit the Asclepion, a healing center from the 4th century BC and one of the most important sites of Pergamon. Here patients had herbalistic, aquatic and psychological treatment. Visit the Temple of Asclepios, the theatre, and walk through the sacred corridor and down the ancient,arcaded, marble-paved boulevard. Drive to Kusadasi. Overnight in Kusadasi.

Day 2 - Fullday Tour of Pamukkale
After departing from Kusadasi, drive east approx. 3 hours to Hierapolis (Pamukkale) Enter the site from North Gate and walk through the Ancient Necropolis (Cemetery). So far Italian archaeologists excavated over 1200 tombs in the area. The total number is expected to exceed 3000.  No where in the world you can see such a gigantic ancient cemetery. Afterwards see the Roman Bath,  walk through Domitian Gate, Frantinus Avenue to see the other remains. View the huge Roman theater having a capacity of 10000.  Walk on the calcium deposit terraces of Pamukkale. Enjoy the stunning views. The water temperature is 32 degrees.  At the end of the tour we can drop you at a hotel in Pamukkale or drive you back to Kusadasi. Overnight in Kusadasi.

Day 3 - Fullday Tour of Ephesus
Meet with your guide in front of  your hotel in Kusadasi. Drive  to the country. Your first stop on this fascinating tour is at the HOUSE OF VIRGIN MARY. Then, you will continue on to visit ancient EPHESUS, one of the most magnificent and best-preserved ancient sites in the world. See the Odeion, the Market Basilica, Curetes Street, Bath,Celsus Library, Marble Street and the Great Theater with a seating capacity of 25,000 people. Afterwards visit the  BASILICA OF ST. JOHN and see the TEMPLE OF ARTEMIS, one of the wonders of the  ancient world. En-route to Kusadasi enjoy the scenery or shopping opportunity. Drive back to Izmir Airport.


TOTAL COST:  575 EURO (Total amount to be paid for party of 1-6 people)

Rates Cover:
  • Services of an excellent English speaking tour Guide 
  • A/C Mercedes V-Class Van
  • All transportation costs.
  • Tax, service charges.
  • Pick up and drop off from/to as indicated above.
  • Lunches
  • Parking Fees

Rates Do Not Cover:
  • Entrance fees to the sites.
  • Drinks during lunches


There is no prepayment required for the reservation. To avoid disappointment, we recommend to make your private tour reservation at earliest possible.

Payment Terms:
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Payment can be made in Euro or US Dollar cash at the end of the tour. There is no prepayment required.

* If you arrive Izmir in the evening. For the first night we recommend you to overnight in Izmir downtown or Izmir airport hotels. For the next days book a hotel in Kusadasi.
Resim
Trajan Temple in Pergamon Acropolis
Resim
Sleeping Rooms in Pergamon Asklepion
Resim
Celsus Library in the ancient city of Ephesus
Resim
House of Virgin Mary
Resim
Kusadasi
Resim
Aphrodisias
Resim
Hierapolis
Resim
Pamukkale
Recommended hotels to stay in Kusadasi 
​(booking.com links):
  • Ilayda Avantgarde Hotel - 4 Stars
  • LaVista Boutique Hotel
  • Charisma Deluxe Hotel - 5 Stars
  • Double Tree by Hilton Hotel - 4 Stars
  • Korumar Deluxe Hotel - 5 Stars
  • Hotel Ilayda - 3 Stars​
Recommended hotels to stay in Izmir
(Booking.com links):
  • Best Western Hotel Konak - 4 Stars
  • Hilton Izmir - 5 Stars
  • Izmir Palas Hotel - 4 Stars
  • Ibis Izmir Alsancak - 3 Stars
  • Karaca Hotel - 4 Stars
  • Key Hotel - 5 Stars
  • Kaya Prestige - 4 Stars
  • Met Boutique Hotel
  • Swissôtel Grand Efes Izmir
Izmir Airport Hotels: 
Orty Airport Hotel
Tav Airport Hotel Izmir

​DoubleTree By Hilton Izmir Airport

* At the end of Day 3, if you would like to be transfered to Izmir Airport or Denizli Airport, there is surcharge of 50 Euros
* If requested Aphrodisias ancient city can be added to Day 3. The surcharge for this addition is 30 Euros.
* If requested above program can be modified.


Frequently Asked Questions:


1.  We will arrive in Izmir late, and will stay overnight at Kusadasi (based on your recommendation).  So we will need airport transfers from the airport to Kusadasi.  And the Pergamom tour on Day 1 will start at Kusadasi.  Would there be any change in the quote then?
> In this case, we recommend you to overnight at an airport hotel in Izmir for the first night. Therefore there would not be any surcharge in the cost of the tour.

booking.com links for Izmir Airport Hotels:
Orty Airport Hotel
Tav Airport Hotel Izmir

DoubleTree By Hilton Izmir Airport


2.  Lunch and food is not so important for us, a quick vegetarian lunch is enough, we rather have more time at the sites. Is this possible?
> Time allocated for lunch during the tours is 1 hour. That will give your tour guide and driver a little break too. You will have enough time at the sites.

3.  For the full-day tour in Ephesus, do we see the terrace houses and the Ephesus museum too?
> If tequested Terrace Houses and Ephesus Museum can also be added to the tour program. There is no surcharge for these additions.

4.  What are the exact schedules for each day?  Like when does each day start and end?
> This is a private tour so the tours can start any time you wish
Recommended start times and approximate duration of the tours are as follows:

Day 1: Pergamon Tour: 09.00am - 7-8 Hours
Day 2: Ephesus Tour: 09.00am - 7-8 Hours
Day 3: Aphrodisias + Pamukkale Tour: 08.00am - 12 hours

5. Because of the long drives to the sites, is there enough time af the sites to visit them in detail? How many hours are we in Ephesus, Pergamon and Pamukkale?
> Yes, there will be enough time at the sites.
Approximate visiting times are as follows:
Ephesus Ancient City: 2 Hours
Pergamon Acropolis: 1 hour
Pergamon Asklepion: 1 hour
Pamukkale/Hierapolis: 3 hours


6. If we are not interested in shopping stops, can we easily say that we don't want them?
> There is no scheduled shopping stops during the tour program. This is your private tour you will decide what to do. Your tour guide will make recommendations.


For larger group costings and for more infformation, please contact us.

Private Pamukkale Day Trip from Kusadasi, Selcuk
2 Days Pamukkale and Ephesus Tour

2 Day Pamukkale and Ephesus Tour from Izmir
2 Days Western Turkey Tour - Ephesus, Pamukkale..


Private Aphrodisias Day Trip from Kusadasi, Selcuk
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Private Pergamon Day Trip from Kusadasi, Selcuk
3 Days Tour of the Best Preserved Biblical Sites 

One Week Private Tour of Turkey 
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Private Tours of Loadicea - History of Laodicea 

2/17/2018

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Laodicea is home to one of the seven holy churches mentioned in the book of revelations of the new testament. Only city in Anatolia with four baths and two theaters. Laodicea also boasted a large ancient stadium (Capacity 25.000 people).

ResimAncient city of Laodicea
The city was formerly known as Diospolis, meaning the city of Zeus. The city was named after the wife of Seleucid King Antiochus II: Loadice. The population initially consisted of Greeks, Jews and the soldiers of Antiochus II.

The city of Laodicea was one of the chief seats of Christianity. Laodicea is mentioned in the epistle to the Colossians and is one of the seven churches of Asia mentioned in the Book of Revelations. The Laodicean church is thought to have been founded by the Colossian Epaphras, a Christian preacher and one of the diciples of St. Paul.

Laodicea is located approximately 100 miles west of Ephesus and was connected to Ephesus with a trade road during the reign of Roman Empire at West, Anatolia. The city was founded in a valley formed by Lycus River. Besides Laodicea there were two more cities stood here: Hierapolis (Pamukkale) and Colossae. These 3 cities were located at the Asia Province of Roman Empire. Laodicea was located 6 miles away from Hierapolis (Pamukkale). The Lycus river was flowing between them. There area where these cities were founded was wealthy and fertile. Also the area became known with wool, textile industry and dying of these garments. Especially Loadicea was known with glossy black sheeps wool. According to some ancient histiorians, the chemicals in the water which the sheeps drank made the wool glossy and shining. Laodicea was located in the junction point of the trade roads which made the city rich. Loadicea became the financial headquaters of the area.

Laodicea was also known with a philosophy and a medical school. The medical school of Laodicea was known with ear and eye medications.

The city had 2 theaters. The small theater had a 8000 people capacity and the big one had 12000 people capacity.

As mentioned in the New Testament Col 4: 16), there is a letter sent to Laodicea by Paul which has never been discovered. Laodicea is mentioned as the lukewarm city in the new testament. There was no source of water where the city was founded. The water is supplied to the city from Hierapolis (Pamukkale). Pamukkale was known with the hot thermal springs, by the time the water reached to Laodciea, it was lukewarm. The church of Laodicea is said to be lukewarm like the water. This was the only congregation in the book of revelation where nothing good about it is said. Laodicea was a rich city in financial terms but a very poor city in faith.

The area had a major Jewish population, the jews came to the area in the 2nd century BC from Babylon. They were sent by Antiochus the Great as paid soldiers. These jews became the early christians and introduced trade to the area.

Cicero the famous Roman statesman served as the governor of the area and lived in Laodicea. 
Roman Empreror Hadrian spent a summer here.

On of the highlights to be seen in the ancient city of Laodicea, is a 4th century AD church which was ordered by Constantine the Roman Emperor. The church is recently re-erected and opened to the public visits. This church is considered to be one of the earliest church buildings of the world. 

Please click the following link for a virtual tour of Laodicea: 
​https://sanalmuze.gov.tr/muzeler/DENIZLI_LAODIKEIA_ORENYERI/

Laodicea, is 3 hours drive to Kusadasi. Visit to Laodicea can be combined with a visit to Pamukkale (Hierapolis) and Aprodisias. If requested we can organize you a private tour of Laodicea and Pamukkale (Hierapolis) and Aprodisias. We also offer 3 Days tours of the best preserved biblical sites of western Turkey including Laodicea. Contact us today for your personalised quote.
  • Private Tours of Pamukkale (Hierapolis) 
  • Private Aphrodisias Tours
  • 3 Days Tour of the Best Preserved Biblical Sites of West Turkey

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Laodicea
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Private Tours of Laodiea
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Two Days Tour of Pamukkale and Ephesus from Izmir Hotels and Izmir Airport

2/17/2018

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For a corporate client of ours based in Izmir, we were asked for 2 days tour of Pamukkale and Ephesus. 

First day, we picked the 3 guests from China from Ramada Plaza hotel located in Izmir. We took them to Pamukkale. It takes approximatley 4 hours drive to go from Izmir to Pamukkale. We spent 4.5 hours visiting the ruins of Ancient Hierapolis and walking on the white terraces of Pamukkale. At the end of the day we dropped the guests at Colossae Thermal Hotel in Pamukkale.  Guests had the opportunity to use indoor thermal pools of the hotel, mud baths and the spa.

Second day,we pickded the guests from Colossae hotel at 9am in the morning and drove to Selcuk which the modern town for Ephesus. We did a fullday tour of Ancient City of Ephesus. At the end of the day, we took the guests back to Ramada Plaza Hotel in Izmir. 

For private tour enquiries like the one above, you can contact with us. We only provide private tours. We do not make hotel bookings but we do recommend hotel names.
Recommended hotels to stay in Izmir :
  • Best Western Hotel Konak - 4 Stars
  • Hilton Izmir - 5 Stars
  • Izmir Palas Hotel - 4 Stars
  • Ibis Izmir Alsancak - 3 Stars
  • Karaca Hotel - 4 Stars
  • Key Hotel - 5 Stars
  • Kaya Prestige - 4 Stars
  • Met Boutique Hotel
  • Orty Airport Hotel
  • Swissôtel Grand Efes Izmir
  • Ramada Plaza Hotel

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White Terraces of Pamukkale
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Grand Theater of Ephesus
Recommended hotels to stay in Pamukkale:
  • Lycus River Thermal Hotel
  • Pam Thermal Hotel
  • Spa Hotel Colossae Thermal
  • Villa Lycus Hotel
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History of Sardis/Sardes - Private Sardis/Sardes Tours from Kusadasi, Selcuk, Sirince

2/17/2018

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Temple of Artemis in Sardis
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Synagogue in Sardis
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Gymnasium of Sardis
Sardis, also known as Sardes was an ancient political and cultural center of Anatolia, and the capital of the Kingdom of Lydia.

According to some historians Lydians entered Anatolia with Phrygians in the 13th century BC. According to some, Etruscans and Hitites have the same origin with Lydians. There were 4 major dynasties who ruled the empire. In the 7th century BC, Heraklid dynasty took over the rule. According to the legendary story: In the 7th century BC the kingdom was ruled by Kandaules. Kandaules was admired by the beauty of his wife. He mentioned this beauty to his beloved friend commander Gyges. He forced him to see his wife while she was naked. Kandaules had Gyges hidden behind the door of his sleeping room. However Queen saw Gyges while departing and had no reaction. The other day she ordered Gyges to come and see her in the residence while Kandaules was away. She said to him 'Seeing a queen naked should have a punishment. You have two options you either going to kill my husband and become the king or you will die here now.' It was so hard to make this decision of Gyges and he decided to kill his friend Kandaules and became the next King of Lydia. This was the begining of a new dynasty to rule the Lydan Empire. This caused a rebellion, Gyges consulted to the Delphoi Apollon Temple. The answer was in the favour of Gyges. The treasury of Gyges in Delphoi Temple was a symbol of his appreciation.

The peak times for Lydians and their capital city Sardis was over 150 years from 7th century till 546BC. In that time Phyrigians were at the mid part of Anatolia there were Persian and Kimmerian attacks to western Anatolia. Sardis was a very rich capital where Greek and Oriental cultures meet. Sardis was a city which is known with a sculpturing school. Aeolian and and Ionian cities was under rule of Lydians till 546BC. Smyrna was the port city of Lydian Empire.

The first coins were invented by the Lydians. They also invented electron, a coin mixture of gold and silver. In the beginning the ratio was %60 gold, %40 silver. This ratio changed by years.

The King of Lydia was Croesus and he was very rich. He is even referred to in the saying "as rich as Croesus". Much of the wealth of Sardis is thought to have come from a gold-bearing stream that ran through the city called the Pactolos River (Sartcay). Pactolos stream assumed Midas`s Golden Touch when the Phyrigian king bathed in the headwaters and forever after flowed with gold. Lydians were known as refining of Gold. They made small hollows in the ground and used as hearths to melt down the gold dust panned from the Poctolus stream. The native gold was purified further in the banks of small furnaces.

After prosperous days of Lydian period, Persian attacks dangered cities peak times. In 585BC during a battle with Persians a solar eclipse was experienced. This shocked the people and interpreted as the gods was not in the favour of this war. This solar eclipse was estimated by Thales of Miletus who was considered as one of the 7 geniuses of the ancient world. Croesus  consulted oracles regarding the future of the empire. Oracles advised him that he will be incharge for the destruction of an empire. He thought the empire will be destroyed will be Persia. However Sardis fell to Cyrus the Great of Persia in 546 BC. According to the legend King of Lydia had a son born from one of his concubines. For this miracle Lydian King consulted to the Apollon Temple. The prophecy was if the lion is toured around the city walls of Sardis, no one will conquer the city. Since some parts of the city was on very high slope, some parts were missed during touring. During the Persian siege, a Persian soldier saw a Lydian who dropped his helmet and went down to take it and climb back from the missed parts of the toured areas. The day after from the same area Persians climbed and captured the city and Croesus.

The city was the satrapy (goverment) center during the Persian rule. During the Ionian rebellion the city was destroyed by the Greeks. The city continued to flourish through the periods of Alexander the Great, Romans and Byzantines until it was inhabited by the Turks and then deserted.

It was here at Sardis that one of the "Seven Churches" had been founded. Investigations begun in 1910 by an American expedition exposed a well-preserved temple of Artemis along with a series of Lydian tombs dating from the 7th century BC and later. Since 1958 ongoing archaeological research at the site has uncovered, in addition to important Lydian-period finds, several later monuments, notably a gymnasium and synagogue of the 2-3C AD and several Byzantine shops.

Sardis also became the westernmost terminus of the Royal Road from Susa.
The ruins of Sardis can be divided into four areas: the Acropolis on Bozdag (Mount Tmolos), the Pactolos Valley where the Artemis Temple was built, the city located on both sides of the modern highway between Ankara and Izmir and finally Bintepeler (the Thousand Hills) consisting of 150 Lydian tombs. The ruins to the north of the highway are what were then public toilets, gymnasium and a synagogue. To the south of the synagogue was the main road of the city which had various shops, including a hardware store and a paint shop. The road once formed the westernmost stretch of the Royal Road. These ruins are of Byzantine period and have been dated to the 4th century AD. 

Synagogue is from the 3rd century AD and once was a part of the gymnasium and restored to be a synagogue. Sardes has the largest known ancient synagogue. Its size and grandeur are a testimony to the prosperity of the Jews in Sardes during Roman times and to their eminent position in the city. It was probably not originally planned to be a synagogue as it has a very different layout. It faces the direction of Jerusalem and the entrance is also from the same side through three gates, which open from the courtyard into the main assembly hall. After entering, one has to turn back to see the two shrines between the gates. At the opposite end of the hall there is a semicircular apse with three rows of marble seats which were thought to be for the elders. The floors were mostly covered with mosaics. 

Gymnasium is a large 'Imperial Type' complex consisting of a palaestra next to the synagogue, colonnades on three sides and the main building with the recently-restored ornate facade. According to its inscription, it was bulit in the 2nd c. AD and dedicated by the people of Sardes to Geta and Caracalla, the sons of Septimus Severus and to their mother Julia Domna. It was a complex of symmetrically arranged rooms. Around the gymnasium, one can notice the shops as paint shop and hardware shop. And also the part of the Royal road which is 30 feet wide. Bath consists of Apodyterium, Frigidarium, Tepidarium, Caldarium, 

Artemis Temple is located in the Pactolos Valley and was one of the seven largest ancient temples with eight columns at short side and twenty along long side. Artemis temples always lay outside the city. It was believed that an altar dedicated to Artemis & Zeus had existed there as early as the 5th century BC. It was begun about a generation after conquest of Alexander and enormous scale was clearly ment to rival the 3 great Ionian Temples: Ephesus Artemis Temple, Samos Heraion and Didyma Apollon Temple. 3 mentioned temples are built with dipteros style. Sardis Temple was constructed with pseudodipteros style. Cella was subdivided into two possibly for Zeus & Artemis. Western cella dedicated to Zeus and Eastern to Artemis. The heads of Antonius Pius and his wife Faustina is also been excavated proving that Faustina and Antonius Pius was worshipped here. The temple was built in stages, the first part being constructed in 300 BC. Later further construction took place in the 2nd century BC. Again only part of the project was completed. The third stage started in the 2nd century AD. At this stage the cella was divided into two halves by an internal cross-wall, the western half dedicated to Artemis and the other half to the Empress Faustina, who was deified after her death. 

Ruins of a small building at the southeastern corner of the temple belong to a 4th century AD church. According to some sources it is referred to as one of the Seven Churches of the Revelation. However, this cannot be correct as congregations not the actual buildings were meant by churches at that time.

Mounds: Burial mounds can also be noticed on the way. These individual thombs of kings and royalty of the 7th & 6th centuries BC. The largest mound is in the height of 200 feet.
We offer private tours to Sardis from Kusadasi, Selcuk and Sirince. 
For more information please contact us.

4 Days Tour of the Best Preserved Biblical Sites of Western Turkey - Revelation Tour
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Ancient City of Pergamon/Pergamum - Private Pergamon Tours from Izmir, Kusadasi, Selcuk, Sirince

2/14/2018

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Temple of Trajan - Acropolis of PergamonTemple of Trajan - Acropolis of Pergamon
Pergamon also known as Pergamum was an ancient city founded by colonists on the Aegean coast of Anatolia at the site of the present day city of Bergama. 

First inhabitance dates back to 8th century BC. However unlike many cities in the Aegean first inhabitants were not Greeks in this city. It was on a tributary of the Bakircay (Caicus River), enclosed by high mountains. Fertile, self-contained and easily defended, it provided the perfect setting for the maintenance of a city state. In the era following the death of Alexander the Great (323 BC), Lysimachus, one of Alexander’s generals, chose Pergamon as the treasury for his vast wealth, placing here 9,000 talents of gold under the guardianship of his lieutenant, Philetaerus. Upon Lysimachus’s death, Philetaerus used this fortune and founded the independent dynasty of the Attalid Kings. Pergamon later became the capital of a flourishing Hellenistic kingdom and one of the principal centers of Hellenistic civilization. Under Kings Attalus I and Eumenes II, Pergamon reached the height of its independent powers. At the same time, however, it began to look to Rome for alliance against the warring Hellenistic rulers. After signalizing himself as a friend of Rome, Attalus I was awarded the Seleucid dominions, making Pergamon a powerful kingdom, comprising of Mysia, Lydia, Caria, Pamphylia and Phrygia. In addition to extending the kingdom, Attalus I adorned his capital with architectural splendors. Attalos defeated the Galatians in 230BC. Eumenes II also brought the city to the climax of its cultural prominence. During the reigns of these two prominent kings, the city so flourished that it could only be compared to Antioch and Alexandria. King Attalus III bequeathed (133 BC) his domains to the Romans, under whom the city retained its position as the preeminent artistic and intellectual center of Anatolia but declined in political and economic importance. In the first years of Roman rule, a civil war was leaded by Aristonikos who claimed to be a non official son of Eumenes II. This civil war took 3 years and ended with his defeat, The city went through the Arab, Byzantine and finally the Turkish period in the 14th century.

Pergamon attained a high culture in the Hellenistic era, boasting an outstanding library that rivaled in importance that of Alexandria, a famous school of sculpture and excellent public buildings and monuments of which the Zeus Altar is the best example. Pergamum had 3 temples: Altar of Zeus, Temple of Athena and Temple of Trajan. In the Roman period, Pergamon played an important role in the early history of Christianity. It was also numbered among the Seven Churches of Revelation. The first Christian bishop of Pergamon, Antipas, was believed to have been martyred here in 92. (Revelation 2:13). Antipas was ordered to sacrifice an animal in the name of pagan gods. Antipas was sentenced to death on the altar of Zeus. (Anti-pas meaning against everything.)

Acropolis: The function of the acropolis in Pergamon was never the same as the function of the acropolis in Athens. In Athens everything was focused on religion, whereas in Pergamon it was on social and cultural activities, or in other words, daily life. As a result of this contrast, major buildings in Pergamon were reserved for public use in daily life. Even in the temples, religion was of secondary importance. Buildings had large areas for the public where they could meet, walk or join in social affairs. Pergamon was the first city to react against functional urbanism of Hippodamus preferring ornamental urbanism. Pergamenes agreed that functionalism was necessary, but that aesthetics were to be given even more consideration. The buildings of the Acropolis were designed to be seen from below and to impress those viewing the city from the valley. Except for the Trajan Temple all the buildings were built in the Hellenistic period during which constructions were made of andesite and very rarely in marble. Heroon, in general, is a shrine dedicated to a deified hero. The Heroon in the Acropolis of Pergamon was the imperial cult or the shrine in which kings of Pergamon, especially Attalus I and Eumenes II, were worshipped. It was a peristyle building made of andesite from the Hellenistic period. 

The Sanctuary of Athena was entered through a propylon which was built by Eumenes II. As written in its inscription, it was dedicated to victory-bringing Athena by King Eumenes. The entrance opens into a courtyard surrounded by three stoas of the Doric order. This also dates from the same period. At the corner near the theater was the Athena Temple in Doric order which was built earlier, in the 3C BC. It was built of andesite and stood on a crepidoma with two steps. 

The Library of Pergamon, built by Eumenes II, was the second of the three famous ancient libraries. It contained 200,000 volumes. A century later Mark Antony gave them to Cleopatra as a wedding present to be added to the collection of the library in Alexandria. The library building was next to the north stoa of the Athena Sanctuary. This was not a coincedance. Athena was known as the protector of science. Most probably, the second floor of the stoa was at the same level with the first floor of the library. It had a large reading hall with many shelves all around, leaving an empty space between walls and shelves for the circulation of air to prevent humidity. Manuscripts were written on parchment then rolled or folded and put on shelves. When the Egyptians prohibited the export of papyrus, the King of Pergamon ordered that a new material be found. The new discovery was "parchment", a fine material from sheep or goat skin, highly polished with pumice stone and slit into sheets. Therefore the name of Pergamon has been perpetuated and seen as synonymous with the word "parchment". They used scrolls which was rolled to a feet long stick. Reader was holding the two ends while reading he was rolling the stick. Codex, todays book shape was also founded in Pergamon. 

The Temple of Trajan was a 2C AD temple in Corinthian order, dedicated to Trajan, built by his successor Hadrian. Both emperors were worshipped there. The temple was built of marble, probably on the site of a previous Hellenistic building. Before the construction, the area was leveled off by using a successful arched and vaulted substructure. The temple is flanked by stoas on three sides, the one at the back being higher than the others. It was in Corinthian order to have a peripteros plan, with 9 by 6 columns. 

It is said that the Theater in the acropolis of Pergamon is the steepest raked Hellenistic theater in the world. The cavea of the theater which consists of 80 rows of seats is divided into three sections by two diazomas. The capacity was 10,000 people. The construction material is andesite. Because it was originally a Hellenistic theater, there was not a permanent stage building and people sitting on the cavea could see outside and beyond the playing area. In the Hellenistic period, performances were held in a festive atmosphere and took a long time. People spent a lot of time in the theater, usually the minimum of a full day. Therefore, they never wanted to block their view of outside and the stage building, being made of wood, was portable. Square holes at the back of the orchestra were for the portable stage building. The theater was also used during the Roman period with some alterations. 

The finest altar ever built can be accepted as the Zeus Altar at Pergamon, of about 180 BC, which stands in its own precinct but, most unusually, without a temple. The altar, a marble offering-table, stood on an enormous stone platform, which also supported the double colonnade of Ionic columns enclosing it on three sides. On the fourth side it was approached by a fine stairway, nearly 65 ft wide. Much of the structure and almost all of the friezes are now in Berlin. Decorated with vigorous friezes of life-size figures depicting a battle between gods and giants, its contemporary context is probably King Eumenes II’s celebration of his recent victories over the Galatians. If this is so, then the context incorporates within its apparently straightforward mythology the King’s assertion of his own triumphant role as the defender of traditions against barbarianism. At the top of the Great Altar of Zeus, there was a hallow bronze bull, designed for human sacrifice. The victims tied inside the bull, the head of the person was placed at the head part of the bull. Then a huge fire was lighted under the bull. As the fire heated the bronze, the person inside the bull began to roast and start shouting and crying, through the pipes of the bull which seemed to make the bull alive. Most probably Antipas also died like this. (Holokaust: Wholly burnt animal sacrifice.) In early 19 hundreds German engineer Carl Human by the approval of Ottoman Sultan dismantle the altar and took it to Berlin. In 1930s, the Pergamon Museum opened in Berlin which human sacrifies techniques most probably inspired  most bruthal dictator Hitler. Some of the Nazi Buildings at that time were inspired by the Altar of Zeus.

Water to Pergamon is taken from 30miles away with the help of Aquaducts and 240000clay pipes. Round structures which looks like a well was used to check the level of the water.

The Red Court: This building was a 2C AD temple dedicated to Egyptian gods and goddesses especially Serapis (known as Osiris in Egypt) from the time of the Emperor Hadrian. In the Byzantine period it was converted into a basilica. Because of the red bricks used in the construction and its court-like area, it was named the Red Court. The two pools as cold and hot was related to religious rituals. Water in Isis and Serapis cults are connected with Holly Nile river meaning abondance ve bereket. The building was constructed on Selinius river. Serapis has similarities with underworld god Hades (Plouton in Roman Mythology).

Asclepieum: Asclepieum was a sanctuary and a healing center built in the name of the god of healing, Asclepius. It was similar to the one in Epidauros in Greece. Although this place was set up in the 4C BC, it had its peak in the Roman period.

Asclepius, son of Apollo, the god of healing, was a famous physician. His mother, Coronis, a princess of Thessaly, died when he was an infant. Apollo entrusted the child’s education to Chiron, a centaur, who taught Asclepius the healing arts. Asclepius, when grown, became so skilled in surgery and the use of medicinal plants that he could even restore the dead back to life. Hades, ruler of the dead, became alarmed at this and complained to Zeus, who killed Asclepius with a thunderbolt. Hygiea was the daugther of Asklepion. Hygine word is derived from her name. 

The healing center, Asclepieum, had been something very similar to a modern natural healing clinic. Patients were given exercises, drugs, mud baths, herbal remedies, or could take the honey cure, drink the waters of the spring or be treated by suggestion. They could walk among the trees and be calmed by the scent of pine. Over the gate had been inscribed the words: "In the name of the Gods, Death is forbidden to enter". Terminal patients were not allowed for this ancient healing center. Reputation was so important that they did not want anyone hear that somebody died here. Snakes were sacred to Asclepius because of their power to renew themselves. That is why there was a relief of snakes at the entrance to the sacred area of the medical center symbolizing health. 

Among the famous physicians of the Asclepieum was Galen. Galen was the most outstanding physician of antiquity after Hippocrates. His anatomical studies on animals and observations of how the human body functions dominated medical theory and practice for 1400 years. Galen was born in Pergamon. A shrine to the healing god Asclepius was located in Pergamon and there young Galen observed how the medical techniques of the time were used to treat the ill or wounded. He received his formal medical training in nearby Smyrna and then traveled widely, gaining more medical knowledge. Galen dissected many animals, particularly goats, pigs and monkeys, to demonstrate how different muscles are controlled at different levels of the spinal cord. He also showed that the brain controls the voice. Galen showed that arteries carry blood, disproving the 400-year-old belief that arteries carry air. Galen was also highly praised in his time as a philosopher. He closely followed the view of the philosopher Aristotle that nothing in nature is superfluous. Galen’s principal contribution to philosophic thought was the concept that God’s purposes can be understood by examining nature. Galen’s observations in anatomy remained his most enduring contribution. His medical writings were translated by 9th century Arab scholars. Galen used herbal remedies. Today in pharmacy the 'galenical' is derived from his name. Galenical stands for a medicine prepared by extracting one or more active constituents of a plant.

The Colonnaded Road connected Asclepieum to the city. Originally it was 2,700 ft. Today only a small part of this road is visible. The Propylon was located at the end of the colonnaded road and dates from 2C AD. It had 12 steps and opened into a large courtyard which was surrounded by stoas on three sides. It had beautiful acroteriums one of which can be seen in the Bergama museum. Stoas originally had Ionic capitals but after an earthquake in the 2C AD, some Corinthian capitals were also used. The Library was for both educational and entertainment purposes with many medical books for the physicians and other books for use by the patients. The Theater is a small building in Roman style with a capacity of 3,500 people. It was mainly used for performances to entertain the patients when not receiving treatment. 

The Sacred Fountain provided water believed to have had healing power. Sleeping (incubation) rooms were used to make the patients sleep and analyze their dreams. The Tunnel is a vaulted subterranean passageway. It is 262 ft long. Under the floor ran water which provided relaxing sounds. On the ceiling there are 12 windows to provide sunlight inside the tunnel. The purpose of the tunnel is to make a treatment with the sound of water and provide a cool place for the patients in the hot summer months. Before patients enter to this tunnel, they drank a sedative and slept here in the dormitories while non poisonous snakes crawl among them all night. They were told that the serpent god, Asclepius will talk to them in their dreams and give them a diagnosis. It was believed that the snakes carried the healing power of Asclepius. If a snake wanders on you while you are sleeping, that was a divine sign that the healing power was coming to you. Once patients woke up, they told their dreams to the priests who prescribed their treatments. Finally, the patients made sculptures of the body parts that needed healing and offered them to Asclepius.

The Round Treatment Center was a two-storied building with six apsidal sections. Today only the lower floor remains. The walls and the floor were covered with marble and the roof was made of wood. Water coming through the tunnel, recesses for washing and the sun-terrace show that this room was also used for the treatment of patients. 

The Temple of Asclepius was erected by the Consul of the time in the 2C AD. A famed ancient medical center built in honor of Asklepios, the god of healing. It was also the world's first psychiatric hospital. The main part of the temple was cylindrical and covered by a dome. The floor and the walls were decorated with marble mosaics. There were many statues of gods and deities related to health including those of Asclepius himself. Hygenia and Telesphoros are also depicted here. Hygenia symbolzing health and Telesphoros curement. Telephoros was child god first discovered in Pergamon, later on worshipped in some ancient sites too. This building can be accepted as one of the earliest structures with a dome in Anatolia. The Asklepion gained in prominence under the Romans in the 2nd century AD, but a sacred site existed here as early as the 4th century BC. Many of the treatments employed at Pergamon, in complement with a sacred source of water that was later discovered as having radioactive properties, have been used for centuries and are once again finding modern application.Quite unlike modern hospitals, everybody who was anybody was dying to get in to the Asklepion: patients included Hadrian, Marcus Aurelius, and Caracalla. But then again, the Asklepion was more like a modern spa than a hospital: therapy included mud baths, music concerts, and doses of water from the sacred fountain. Galen, the influential physician and philosopher who was born in Pergamon in 129 AD, trained and then later became an attendant to the gladiators here. Access to the Asklepeion is via the Sacred Way, which at 807m (2,690 ft.) long and colonnaded, originally connected the Asklepeion with the Acropolis. The sacred way becomes the stately Via Tecta near the entrance to the site and leads to a courtyard and fallen Propylaeum, or Monumental Gate. Reachable through an underground tunnel is what is traditionally called the Temple of Telesphorus, which served as both the treatment rooms and the sleeping chambers, an indication that sleep was integral in the actual healing process. At various spots in the center of the complex are a total of three pools and fountains, used for bathing, drinking, and various other forms of treatment. The northern colonnade, with 17 columns still in place, leads from the library to the restored theater, set into the slope of the hill. The theater hosts classical plays during the annual Bergama Festival. The semicircular Roman Theatre flanks the colonnaded promenade on the northwest corner of the site. Hours of therapy also probed the meaning of the previous night's dreams, as patients believed dreams recounted a visit by the god Asklepios, who held the key to curing illness. The treatments included psychotherapy, massage, herbal remedies, mud and bathing treatments, the interpretation of dreams, and the drinking of water.  

There was also an amphitheater close by. Amphi means double, meaning double theater. It is among the two amphitheaers of Asia Minor. Amphitheaters were especially constructed for Gladitioral Games. Some days are Arena was filled with water for naval battle plays. Water is supplied from the pond close by.

We offer private tours to Pergamon / Pergamum from Izmir, Kusadasi, Selcuk and Sirince. For more information please contact us.

Hotel Recommendation:
For travellers who are travelling Turkey with a rent a car. We recommend you to overnight at Akropolis Hotel. Akropolis Hotel is located in downtown Pergamon 100 meter distance to Red Basilica and Acropolis cable car station. Akropolis Hotel has a great location with very friendly and hospitable staff. Akropolis Hotel is for travellers who are looking for a clean accomodation with great location. This is a small boutique hotel but not a luxury one.
To book Akropolis Hotel, please click here for the booking.com booking page.
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Private Ausflüge von Ephesos für Mein Schiff 3 und Mein Schiff 5 Passagieren

4/17/2017

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ResimMein Schiff 3 von TUI Cruises in Kusadasi Kreuzfahrthafen -17/04/2017
Mein Schiff 3 von TUI Cruises startet Aufruf zum Hafen von Kusadasi am 17. April  2017. 2400 Fahrgastschiff wird im Hafen von Kusadasi von 8,00 bis 19,00 bleiben.

Mein Schiff 3 beigetreten Tui Cruises im Jahr 2014. Mein Schiff 3 ist das Schwesterschiff von Mein Schiff 4, Mein Schiff 5 und Mein Schiff 6

Wir bieten exklusive private Touren von Ephesos für die Passagiere der Mein Schiff 3 und Mein Scgiff 5 von Kusadasi Hafen. Für weitere Informationen kontaktieren Sie uns bitte.

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From Kusadasi to Birgi Town

3/10/2015

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Birgi is located at western part of Turkey. A town founded on the slopes of Mt. Bozdag. It takes approx. 2 hours to drive from Kusadasi to Birgi. Travellers feel like being in an open air museum during their walks through the historical streets of Birgi.

First inhabitance dates back to 2000BC, Phrygians, Persians, Romans, Byzantines, Aydinogullari Emirate and Ottomans ruled the town. The town had many names. During the Roman period the name of the town was Pyrigion (meaning fort in Ancient Greek). The word Birgi is derived from this name.

In the 14th century, Birgi became the capital of Aydinogullari emirate. During this time many mosques, baths and schools were built in the town. Majority of these builidngs were made of local stone and still standing. 

The most attractive building in the town is Cakiraga Konagi. 250 years old mansion with ornate wall paintings. This house is one of the highlights to be visited in Birgi. 

Travellers may enjoy walking through the streets of Birgi. A lunch at a local restaurant which serves home-made Turkish food can also be enjoyed.

Since 1996, Birgi is under preservation of Turkish Government and also a candidate to be a Unesco Heritage site.

Visit to Birgi town can be combined with Ancient City of Sardis. Sardis is an hour drive from Birgi or if it is tuesday, Tire Farmers Market can be visited. 

For custom private tours of Birgi, Sardis and Tire, please contact us.
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Touring Cakiraga Mansion in Birgi
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Cakiraga Mansion in Birgi
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Enjoy home-made Turkish lunch at a local restaurant.
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Ornate decorations of Cakiraga Mansion
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History of Priene - Private Tours of Priene

12/15/2014

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Priene is located 40 minutes drive from Kusadasi. An ancient Ionian city founded on the slopes of Mount Mycale (Samsun Dag). Samsun name is derived from the word "Sampson" which Preiene used to be called in the middle ages. The ancient harbor city of Priene probably changed its location when the silt of the Meander River threatened to bury it. Now it is nearly 10 miles from the sea. The original place of the city has never been found but it was probably a peninsula with two harbors. Priene was a small settlement with about 4 or 5 thousand inhabitants and never of great political significance it shared the same history as the other Ionian cities. 
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Tour Guide Denizhan explaining Priene
Priene was laid out on a Hippodamian system of grid plan at the foot of a spectacular cliff on Mount Mycale and contained many famous examples of Hellenistic art and architecture. All the streets intersect at right angles forming insulas (blocks). The city consists of 80 equal insulas. The distance between the insulas are same. Insula sizes were 120 feet by 160 feet. Each block had 4 or 8 houses (30 feet x 80 feet = 2400 feet2) with highly developed drainage system. The houses in Priene are very similar to Pompeii houses (Pompeii was under the flames of Vezuvius in 79AD). Like buildings in warm climates houses had very high ceiling between 15-20 feet. They do not have any windows. Door rooms opening the courtyard helped for lighting. During the Roman period, houses had many changes. Some were combined. 
It is believed that the founder of the city is Aegyptus, son of Belus, grandson of Kodros. The followers of Aegyptus were the inhabitants of an abandoned Ionian city of the same name in 350BC. The first foundation of the city goes back to 9th c. BC. The reasons of the migration most probably silting of the port and maleria caused because of swamp fields. 
City was ruled by the Lydian empire till 545BC. In 545BC Persians took the control of the city. In 499BC Priene was in Attika-Delos Alliance against the Persians. It joined in the Battle of Lade with 12 ships in 494 BC against Persians. Alexander the Great assigned the city to watch the unreliable city of Miletus. He also lived in the city and paid for the construction of the Athena Temple. The house which is believed to be inhabited by Alexander the Great is House No. 22. After A staue of the Alexander is found here which is displayed in Berlin today. After Alexander left Priene, house was used as a sacred place for worship. After flourishing during the Hellenistic and passing through the Pergamene Kingdom periods the city declined under Roman rule. 
Excavation began at the site in the early years of the 20C and the city has been partially restored. Acroplis is 230m over sea level. There are 3 main entrances to the city. The city is organized in four districts, the religious (Athena Temple), the political (bouleterion and prythaneion), the cultural (Theater) and the commercial (agora). In addition to the Athena Temple, the people of Priene built shrines dedicated to Zeus, Demeter and Egyptian gods. The Theater is a 4 or 3C BC building and one of the finest extant theaters of the Hellenistic world. Although it was rebuilt in the Roman period it still remains as typically Hellenistic as the city of Priene itself.

The theater was carved into the hillside and held a capacity of 6,500 people. Five marble seats with arms were provided for priests and dignitaries. These seats were built in 2nd c. BC. Each has writing saying " These honour seats were dedicated to Dionysus by Nisios, the son of Diphilos the Agonothes". Agonothes were in charge of theatrical plays, musical performaces, races, competitions and feasts dedicated to Dionysos. The artists were considered as under the protection of Dionysos because of this they were considered such as a religious group or sect. They had tax and security prividledges. In the middle of the prohedria there was an altar which was sacred to Dionysus. Performances used to start with sacrificial rites. The proskene is well-preserved and consists of a colonnade supported with 12 Doric half-columns. The skene had an upper floor which no longer stands. Plays during Hellenistic period were held at the orchestra. During Roman peiod one storey was added to the skene. Plays were held at the 2 second floor of the skene. Political speeches were also made here, each speech was limited by the help of a water clock. Archeolgits still have doubts how the water clock was working.

The Bouleterion is the most intact in Anatolia today. It was used for meetings of the town council. The bouleterion consisted of seats on three sides with a capacity of 640 people, and was covered with a wide wooden roof. The sacrificial altar was placed in the middle of the arc of seats.

The Prytaneion is located to the east of the bouleterion. It was the seat of the elected city administration and housed official receptions. Rooms were set around the courtyard. The shrine of Hestia was in an inner chamber where the eternal sacred flame was burned.

The Temple of Athena Polias was rebuilt in 334 BC as a gift from Alexander the Great and was a standard Ionic structure with eleven columns along its sides, six at the ends (peripteros) and two in antis. Alexander`s name was encarved on the front side of the pro-naos walls. Today this encarving is located in British Museum. Athena Polias was the goddess of Priene and protectress of the city. The proportions of this temple were taken as a classical model. The architect of the Athena Temple was Pytheos who also built the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world. In side the temple in the cella, over the cult was Athena`s statue which was the copy of the Athena Porthenos statue of Parthenon in Athens. The statue was made of marble and ivory gold and brass plated.

Agora, did not only serve for trade but also feasts and political discussions. Statues of the the important people were erected in the agora. Sacred gallery was donated by the Royal family. The rents from the shops in the sacred gallery were used for the construction of Athena temple. Macellium (Meat & fish market) was located on the west side of the agora having two stone tables.

Port of the city (Naulokhos) was located 3 miles away from the city. The city had 2 gymnasions named as Upper and Lower. Both had bath complexes. On some stones names of the ephebos (young male students) can still be seen.

Most of important person who was born in Priene is Bias who lived in the city in 6th c. BC and considered among the 7 most genius of the ancient world. After he died, the city constructed a temple dedicated to him as Biantion. Same is practiced for Alexander. Alexander the great is believed to stay in the city of Priene in 334BC. It is not known how long Alexander the Great stayed here. The house he lived later on named as Alexeraion. 

Archaeologists also discovered a synagogue from 4th century AD. Menorah of the syanaggue can still be seen today on one of the remaining columns.

Panionion was in the territory of Priene. It was the religious alliance of 12 Ionian cities but not a political one. The temple was dedicated to Poseidon. This was the reason that Ioanian cities never got united. President of Panionion was always from Priene.

Panionion : is the place where 12 allied Ionian cities gather their meetings. In the locality there is a Poseidon Temple which started being used in 8th c. BC. Ionian cities were gathering in Pananion to discuss political and reliogous subjects. There were also festivals made here, during the festivals there were competions and games were organized. The territory was ruled by Priene. Always Priene leaded the alliance. One can notice an odeon and a small theater as well as the Poseidon Temple.

We offer custom private tours to Ancient City of Priene. These private tours can be combined with Miletus, Didyma and/or Doganbey Village. For more information please contact us.


Pictures from the Ancient city of Priene.
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Doganbey Village - Domatia

12/15/2014

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This weekend we had a day trip to Ancient City of Priene and Doganbey Village with my wife, Doganbey village takes approximately 1 hour drive from Kusadasi. Doganbey is a former Greek village located by the ancient Mykale Mountains across the Greek Island of Samos, the birth place of famous mathematician Phytogoras. In 1924 there was an exchange of populations between Greece and Turkey. Turks living in Greece were exchanged with the Greeks living in Turkey. This is one of the rare exchange villages. Former Greek name was 'Domatia''. Approximately 300 houses were located in this village. After this exchange in 1924 the village was hit by an earthquake in 1959 and abondoned. The villagers founded a new settlement and named as ''Yeni Doganbey" meaning the ''New Doganbey''. Today the villages stone homes are restored by their new owners from big Turkish cities who can afford to restore the ruined homes.

Visitors can enjoy seeing typical Greek homes from 19th century and can walk on the cobble stone streets. The streets and majority of the homes are restored and in very good condition. A picturesque town. We were impressed with beauty of the homes and cleanliness of the streets and great views of the Aegean sea and fresh air. There are no shops or anywhere to stay or eat. The village today is like an open air museum. The village is so quite in the winter, it was like visiting a ghost town. Majority of the home owners come to the village to spend their summers.

The visit to the village of Doganbey can be combined with Ancient City of Priene and you may lunch at a fish restaurant located at the coastal village of Karina. For custom private tours feel free to contact us.


Pictures of Doganbey Village
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Private Ephesus Excursions for Regal Princess and Celebrity Constellation Passengers from Kusadasi Cruise Port

9/28/2014

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Regal Princess docking at Kusadasi Cruise Port
Today at Kusadasi Cruise Port there were two big cruise ships: Regal Princess of Princess Cruises and Celebrity Constellation of Celebrity Cruises. 

It was a very windy day both cruise ships had difficulty to dock at Kusadasi Cruise Port. Celebrity Constellation due to heavy weather conditions called to Kusadasi instead of going to Mykonos. 

We had 6 groups who booked private tours of Ephesus with us. All the guests enjoyed the tours.
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One of our groups in Ephesus from Celebrity Constellation
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Celebrity Reflection and Splendour of the Seas at Kusadasi Cruise Port

7/8/2014

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Today, there were 2 cruise ships at Kusadasi Cruise Port. It was a busy day for us. We had 8 bookings for private tours to Ephesus.

It was a bright and sunny day today in Kusadasi.
All went very well with all of our tours. All of our guests enjoyed their time in Ephesus and Kusadasi.

Today, we also received a 5 stars review from one of the tripadvisor members whom we served yesterday about our tour guide Ezgi Pekoz :
My husband and I had the pleasure of taking a half day tour with Ezgi. I chose to use this company due to their fast responses, accommodating and flexible style and overall enthusiasm and we are both so happy we did. We were picked up exactly on time and saw the Temple of Artemis, Ephesus, and the Terrace Houses. We learned a wealth of knowledge about each place through Ezgi's guidance, making everything mean so much more with historical context. It was amazing to learn and understand what even the smallest detail meant when pointed out.

She was extremely kind in accommodating me, as I have a knee injury and couldn't walk as quickly. After the tour we were enjoyed a lunch with her at a family owned restaurant. 

I cannot recommend our experience or guide, Ezgi, more highly. We hope to enjoy more tours with them in our time here!

Tips for visiting: try to go early as it will get very hot with little shade, sunglasses, good footwear, sunscreen, and water are musts. Ezgi did a great job steering us around crowds, but it is a very popular place, so expect that.
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Ezgi and Denizhan waiting for clients at Kusadasi Cruise Port
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Holland America Line Rotterdam at Kusadasi Cruise Port Today

1/19/2014

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Rotterdam in KusadasiRotterdam in Kusadasi
MS Rotterdam of Holland America Line is in Kusadasi today. Rotterdam is the first cruise ship that docked to Kusadasi Cruise Port in 2014. It is a bright and sunny day. The temperature is 68 fahrenheights. Until March 15 there is no cruise ship scheduled for the Port of Kusadasi.

Rotterdam will continue to call to the Port of Kusadasi during the summer season. We offer Private Ephesus Tours for Rotterdam passengers. For more information about our Private Ephesus Tours, contact us.

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Tripadvisor Review for Private Ephesus and Pamukkale Tour

12/19/2013

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We have just received a wonderful tripadvisor review from a client that we served on October 25th. I leaded a private Ephesus and Pamukkale private day tour for the referenced guests. Very glad that they have enjoyed the tour.
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We have 204 reviews published on tripadvisor. To see unbiased reviews of our guests about our private Ephesus tours please click here.

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    Top Attractions:
    House of Virgin Mary
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Excursion Samos Ephesus
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Explorer Of The Seas
Family Tour
Farmers Market
Ferry From Samos To Kusadasi
From Kusadasi To Samos
From Selcuk Train Station To Ephesus
Full Day Pamukkale Tour From Kusadasi
Gay Friendly Ephesus Tours
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Getting To Ephesus
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Greek Isles
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Guide To Ephesus
Guide To Ephesus Ruins
Gullu Konak Hotel
Hafen
Hafen Von Kusadasi
Hagia Sophia
Hierapolis
Hire A Tour Guide In Ephesus
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Hispana
Historia De Efeso
History Of Pergamon
History Of Pergamum
History Of Pergamum Church
Hizmeti
Holland America Line
Hotel
Hotel Ephesus
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Hotel Near Ephesus
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Hotel Recommendation
Hotels In Ephesus
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House Of Maryam
House Of The Virgin Mary Admission Price
House Of The Virgin Mary Mass Times
House Of Virgin Mary
House Of Virgin Mary At Ephesus
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House Of Virgin Mary In Ephesus
House Of Virgin Mary In Kusadasi
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House Of Virgin Mary Turkey
Isabey Mosque
Island Princess
Istanbul
Istanbul Ataturk Airport
Istanbul Ephesus Day Trip
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Italian
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Izmir
Izmir Airport
Izmir Airport Ephesus Tour
Izmir Airport Kusadasi Taxi
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Izmir Airport To Ephesus
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Izmir Basmane Train Station
Izmir Cruise Port
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Iztuzu Beach
Jewel Of The Seas
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Kirazli Village
Koningsdam
Kusadasi
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Kusadasi Cruise Port To Ephesus
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Kusadasi To Pamukkale Transfer
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Kusadasi Transfer Company
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Kusadasi Turkey
La Casa Dela Virgen Maria
La De La Virgen Maria
Laodicea
Laodicea Ancient City
Laodicea Bible
Laodicea Church
Laodicea In Turkey
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Laodicea Tour
Louis Cristal
Louis Olympia
Luxury Hotel Ephesus
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Magical Ephesus
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Marella Celebration
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Marella Discovery 2
Marella Explorer
Marina
Mein Schiff
Meryemana
Miletus
Msc Lirica
Museum Pass The Aegean
Nautica
Nautica Ephesus Tour
Navigator Of The Seas
New Zealand Governor-General
Nieuw Amsterdam
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Noordam
Norwegian Cruise Line
Norwegian Dawn
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Norwegian Jade
Norwegian Pearl
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Norwegian Star
Oceania Cruise
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One Week Tour Of Turkey
Oosterdam
Opening Hours
Opening Times
Ozdere
Ozdere To Ephesus
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Pacific Princess
Pamukkale
Pamukkale By Train
Pamukkale Day Tour
Pamukkale Day Tour From Izmir
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Pamukkale En Español
Pamukkale Ephesus Tour
Pamukkale Espanol
Pamukkale Español
Pamukkale Excursiones
Pamukkale From Kusadasi
Pamukkale Hierapolis Tour
Pamukkale To Ephesus Train
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Pamukkale Tour Guide
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Passeio A Éfeso
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Pergamon
Pergamon Bible
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Pope-francis
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Port Of Kusadasi
Portuguesa
Portuguese-tour
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Priene
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Prinsendam
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Private Aphrodisias Tour
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Puerto-de-izmir
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Pythagorio Ephesus Ferry
Pythagorio-ephesus-ferry
Pythagorio Kusadasi Ferry
Pythagorio-kusadasi-ferry
Pythagorion
Queen Elizabeth
Queen-mary-2
Queen-victoria
Recommended-hotels-in-ephesus
Regal Princess
Regent
Regent Seven Seas Cruises
Rehber
Rehberlik
Reiseleiter
Rentacar
Rentalcar
Revelation
Revelationtourturkey
Revelation Tour Turkey
Review
Rhapsody-of-the-seas
Riviera
Rotterdam
Royal-caribbean
Royal-clipper
Royal-princess
Ruinas-de-efeso
Ruinas-de-efeso-kusadasi
Russian-tour-guide
Russian-tour-guide-ephesus
Saint-paul-in-ephesus
Samos
Samos Adasi Gezi
Samos Adasi Gezi Rehberi
Samos Ephesus Day Trip
Samos-ephesus-day-trip
Samos Ephesus Ferry
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Samos Gezilecek Yerler
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Samos Gezisi
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Samos-tatil
Samos To Ephesus
Samos To Ephesus Day Trip
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San-pablo
Sardes
Sardis
Schedule
Seabourn
Seabourn Encore
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Selcuk
Selcuk Bus Station
Selcuk-bus-station
Selcuk Ephesus Tours
Selcuk Ephesus Train
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Selcuk-to-ephesus-tour
Selcuk To Pamukkale By Train
Selcuk Train Station
Selcuk-train-station
Selcuk-train-station-to-ephesus
Selcuk-train-station-to-izmir-airport
Seven Churches Of Revelation
Seven Churches Of Revelation Tour
Seven Churches Tour
Seven Seas Mariner
Seven-seas-mariner
Seven Seas Splendor
Seven Seas Voyager
Shopping In Ephesus
Shore Excursion
Sigacik
Silver-cloud
Silver Moon
Silver-muse
Silversea
Silver Shadow
Silver Spirit
Silver-spirit
Silver Whisper
Silver-whisper
Silver-wind
Sirena
Sirince
Sirince To Ephesus
Sirince Village
Sirince Village Ephesus
Smyrna
Spanish
Spanish-tour-ephesus
Star-clipper
Star Clippers
Star-flyer
Star Legend
Star Pride
Star-pride
St-esprit-cathedral
St-paul-ephesus
St-paul-tour-turkey
Synagogue
Taxi-cost-kusadasi-to-ephesus
Taxi Ephesus
Taxi-from-izmir-airport-to-ephesus
Taxi-from-izmir-airport-to-selcuk
Taxi From Kusadasi Port
Taxi From Kusadasi Port To Ephesus
Taxi-from-kusadasi-port-to-ephesus
Taxi From Kusadasi To Ephesus
Taxi-from-kusadasi-to-ephesus
Taxi-izmir-airport-price
Taxi-izmir-airport-to-kusadasi
Taxi Kusadasi
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Taxi-price-kusadasi-to-ephesus
Taxi To Ephesus
Teos
Terrace Houses
The-love-boat
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Tour
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Tour Of Ephesus
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Tour-of-pamukkale
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Tour To Aphrodisias
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Tour-turchia-efeso
Tour-turquia-7-dias
Tour-with-kids
Train
Train Basmane Selcuk
Train-ephesus-izmir
Train From Basmane To Selcuk
Train From Izmir To Ephesus
Train From Izmir To Selcuk
Train From Pamukkale To Ephesus
Train From Pamukkale To Izmir
Train From Pamukkale To Selcuk
Train Pamukkale To Izmir
Train Pamukkale To Selcuk
Train To Ephesus
Train To Ephesus From Izmir
Train-to-ephesus-from-izmir
Train To Pamukkale
Transfer Bodrum To Kusadasi
Transfer From Kusadasi To Izmir Airport
Transfer Kusadasi Bodrum
Transfer Kusadasi Izmir Airport
Transfer Kusadasi Pamukkale
Transfer To Kusadasi
Translados
Translados-privados
Transporte-de-izmir-a-efeso
Transporte-de-kusadasi-a-efeso
Transporte-desde-el-aeropuerto-de-izmir-a-eacutefeso
Transporte-desde-el-aeropuerto-de-izmir-a-eacutefeso
Traslado-aeropuerto-izmir
Traslado-aeropuerto-izmir
Traslado-de-izmir-a-kusadasi
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Traslados-efeso
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Travel
Travel-to-ephesus-from-kusadasi
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Tripadvisor
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Trips To Ephesus From Samos
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Tui Cruises
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Turkey
Turkey Ephesus Tour
Turkey Ephesus Tour From Istanbul
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Turkey Tours
Turkey Travel Tours
Turkish Airlines
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Turkish Cooking Class
Turne
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Tur Rehberi
Vathi
Veendam
Viking Cruises
Viking Jupiter
Viking Sea
Viking Star
Virtual Tour Of Ephesus
Vision Of The Seas
Visita A Efeso
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Visita Guiada
Visit Aphrodisias
Visitar Efeso Desde Izmir
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Visit Ephesus From Bodrum
Visit Ephesus From Istanbul
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Visit Ephesus Turkey
Visiter Ephese Depuis Kusadasi
Visites Privées D'Ephèse
Walking Tour Of Ephesus
Walking Tours Of Ephesus
Westerdam
Western Turkey Tour
Western Turkey Tours
Where To Stay In Ephesus?
Windstar
Wind Star
Wind Surf
Zuiderdam
тур в эфес
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  • Ephesus Travel Guide
    • Temple of Artemis
    • House of Virgin Mary
    • Basilica of St. John
    • Terrace Houses
    • Sirince Village
    • Isa Bey Mosque
    • Grotto of Seven Sleepers
    • Archaeological Museum
    • Questions about Ephesus >
      • How and when to go? Where to Stay? >
        • Hotels near Ephesus
        • Izmir Airport - Selcuk Town Train Schedules
    • Other places to visit near Ephesus >
      • Shopping in Kusadasi and Ephesus
    • Ephesus Pictures
  • Private Ephesus Tours
    • Private Ephesus Tours from Kusadasi >
      • Private Ephesus Tours from Kusadasi Cruise Port >
        • Private Tours for Oceania Cruises Passengers
        • Private Tours for Marella Cruises Passengers
        • Private Tours for Azamara Cruises Passengers
        • Private Ephesus Tours for Regent Passengers
        • Private Tours for NCL Passengers
        • Private Tours for Windstar Cruises Passengers
        • Private Tours for Holland America Line Passengers
        • Private Ephesus Tours for Silversea Passengers
        • Private Ephesus Tours for Star Flyer Passengers
      • Private Ephesus Tours from Kusadasi Setur Marina
      • Private Ephesus Tours from Guzelcamli Hotels
    • Private Ephesus Tours from Izmir >
      • Private Ephesus Tours from Izmir Airport
      • Private Ephesus Tours from Alacati and Cesme
      • Private Ephesus Tours from Izmir Cruise Port >
        • Private Ephesus Tours for MSC Cruise Passengers
        • Private Ephesus Tours for Costa Cruises Passengers
    • Private Ephesus Tours from Selcuk >
      • Private Ephesus Tours from Sirince Hotels
    • Ephesus Tour Guide Only
    • Ephesus in the Bible - Private Biblical Ephesus Tours >
      • Private Biblical Tours of Ephesus with Expert Local Tour Guides
      • Private Christian Heritage Tours of Ephesus
      • Cave of St. Paul in Ephesus
    • Ephesus Private Tour Rates >
      • Dates for Discounted Private Ephesus Tours
      • Ephesus Tour Guides
      • Private Tour and Transfer Vehicles
      • 2021 Entrance fees for Ephesus and surroundings
    • Excursiones Privadas a Efeso >
      • Tour privado sugerido de una semana de Turquía
      • Excursión a Éfeso para cruceros desde el Puerto de Kusadasi >
        • Excursiones privadas de Efeso para pasajeros de la Linea Holland America
        • Excursiones Privadas de Efeso para pasajeros de Cruceros Royal Caribbean
        • Giras Privadas a Efeso para pasajeros de Celebrity Cruceros
      • Qué hacer en Kusadasi
      • Excursiones privadas de hoteles de Selcuk
      • Solo Guia Turistico Servicios
      • Excursiones Privadas de Efeso para pasajeros de cruceros MSC
      • Tour privado de Pamukkale desde Kusadasi
      • Especial Tour de Éfeso: El Desayuno tradicional turco y Efeso
    • Excursoes privadas de Efeso >
      • Excursões privadas de Éfeso para os passageiros de Norwegian Jade
    • Частные Эфес туры >
      • Частный Эфес Экскурсии из порта Кушадасы >
        • Частные Эфес туры для Royal Caribbean пассажиров
        • Частные Эфес туры для норвежских пассажиl
        • Индивидуальные туры Эфес для Holland America Пассажир
        • Частные Эфес туры для Celebrity Cruises пассажиры
      • Частный тур в Памуккале от Кушадасы
      • Частные Эфес туры от аэропорта Измира
      • Частные Эфес туры для круизных пассажироk
      • Эфес Экскурсия на Эфес Экскурсовод
      • Частные Эфес туры для круизных пассажироk
    • Private Exkursionen von Ephesos >
      • Ephesos mit dem Tempel der Artemis ab Kusadasi Hafen
      • Ganztägige Tour Ephesos für Deutsch sprechende Gäste
      • Private Ausflüge von Ephesos für Mein Schiff 2 Passagieren
    • Escursioni private di Efeso e la Casa di Maria
  • Ephesus History
    • Magnesia Gate
    • State Agora, Basilica, Odeon, Prythaneion
    • Memnius Monument & Domitian Temple >
      • Caduceus or Rod of Asclepius ?
    • Hercules Gate, Trajan Fountain, Hadrian Temple
    • Public Baths, Latrines
    • Ephesus Celsus Library
    • Agora, Marble Street
    • Ephesus Theater, Church of Mary
  • Contact Us
    • Private Tour Enquiry Form
  • Denizhan`s Blog
  • Western Turkey Tours
    • 2 Days Ephesus Pamukkale Tour
    • 2 Days Western Turkey Tour
    • 3 Days Western Turkey Tour
    • 3 Days Biblical Tour of Western Turkey
    • 1 Week Private Tour of Turkey
    • Istanbul Walking Tours
  • Private Transfers around Ephesus
    • Kusadasi Izmir Airport Transfers
    • Kusadasi Pamukkale Transfer
    • Kusadasi Bodrum Transfer
  • Private Pamukkale Tours
    • Private Pamukkale Tours ending at Denizli Cardak Airport
    • Pamukkale Tour from Kusadasi
    • Kusadasi to Pamukkale Transfer
    • Plutonium (Gate to Hell) in Hierapolis (Pamukkale)
  • Private Laodicea Tours
  • Private Aphrodisias Tours
  • Private Pergamon Tours
    • Pergamon Re-created
  • Private Sardis Tours
  • Private Priene Tours