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History of Sardis one of the Seven Churches of Revelation in Asia Minor
Sardis, commonly known as Sardes, has an important place in history as an ancient political and cultural center, having once been the capital of the Lydian Kingdom in Anatolia. Located in modern-day Turkey, this city played an important role in shaping the political landscape and cultural development of the region. Known for its wealth, Sardis served as a thriving trading center attracting merchants from all over. As a testament to its grandeur, the city was adorned with remarkable architectural monuments. Today, Sardis stands as a testament to the grandeur of ancient Anatolia, leaving behind a legacy that continues to fascinate historians and archaeologists alike.
Temple of Artemis in Sardis
The Lydians were an important civilization that existed in Anatolia for an impressive period of 505 years. This ancient kingdom, known for its advances in trade and monetary systems, left an indelible mark on the history of the region.
According to some historians Lydians entered Anatolia with Phrygians in the 13th century BC. According to some, Etruscans and Hitites have the same origin with Lydians. There were 3 major dynasties who ruled the empire. In the 7th century BC, Heraklid dynasty took over the rule. According to the legendary story: In the 7th century BC the kingdom was ruled by Kandaules. Kandaules was admired by the beauty of his wife. He mentioned this beauty to his beloved friend commander Gyges. He forced him to see his wife while she was naked. Kandaules had Gyges hidden behind the door of his sleeping room. However Queen saw Gyges while departing and had no reaction. The other day she ordered Gyges to come and see her in the residence while Kandaules was away. She said to him 'Seeing a queen naked should have a punishment. You have two options you either going to kill my husband and become the king or you will die here now.' It was so hard to make this decision of Gyges and he decided to kill his friend Kandaules and became the next King of Lydia. This was the begining of a new dynasty to rule the Lydan Empire. This caused a rebellion, Gyges consulted to the Delphoi Apollon Temple. The answer was in the favour of Gyges. The treasury of Gyges in Delphoi Temple was a symbol of his appreciation.
The peak times for Lydians and their capital city Sardis was over 150 years from 7th century till 546BC. In that time Phyrigians were at the mid part of Anatolia there were Persian and Kimmerian attacks to western Anatolia. Sardis was a very rich capital where Greek and Oriental cultures meet. Sardis was a city which is known with a sculpturing school. Aeolian and and Ionian cities was under rule of Lydians till 546BC. Smyrna was the port city of Lydian Empire.
The first coins were invented by the Lydians. They also invented electron, a coin mixture of gold and silver. In the beginning the ratio was %60 gold, %40 silver. This ratio changed by years.
The King of Lydia was Croesus and he was very rich. He is even referred to in the saying "as rich as Croesus". Much of the wealth of Sardis is thought to have come from a gold-bearing stream that ran through the city called the Pactolos River (Sartcay). Pactolos stream assumed Midas`s Golden Touch when the Phyrigian king bathed in the headwaters and forever after flowed with gold. Lydians were known as refining of Gold. They made small hollows in the ground and used as hearths to melt down the gold dust panned from the Poctolus stream. The native gold was purified further in the banks of small furnaces.
After prosperous days of Lydian period, Persian attacks dangered cities peak times. In 585BC during a battle with Persians a solar eclipse was experienced. This shocked the people and interpreted as the gods was not in the favour of this war. This solar eclipse was estimated by Thales of Miletus who was considered as one of the 7 geniuses of the ancient world. Croesus consulted oracles regarding the future of the empire. Oracles advised him that he will be incharge for the destruction of an empire. He thought the empire will be destroyed will be Persia. However Sardis fell to Cyrus the Great of Persia in 546 BC. According to the legend King of Lydia had a lion son born from one of his concubines. For this miracle Lydian King consulted to the Apollon Temple. The prophecy was if the lion is toured around the city walls of Sardis, no one will conquer the city. Since some parts of the city was on very high slope, some parts were missed during touring. During the Persian siege, a Persian soldier saw a Lydian who dropped his helmet and went down to take it and climb back from the missed parts of the toured areas. The day after from the same area Persians climbed and captured the city and Croesus.
The city was the satrapy (goverment) center during the Persian rule. During the Ionian rebellion the city was destroyed by the Greeks. The city continued to flourish through the periods of Alexander the Great, Romans and Byzantines until it was inhabited by the Turks and then deserted.
It was here at Sardis that one of the "Seven Churches" had been founded. Investigations begun in 1910 by an American expedition exposed a well-preserved temple of Artemis along with a series of Lydian tombs dating from the 7th century BC and later. Since 1958 ongoing archaeological research at the site has uncovered, in addition to important Lydian-period finds, several later monuments, notably a gymnasium and synagogue of the 2-3C AD and several Byzantine shops.
Sardis also became the westernmost terminus of the Royal Road from Susa.
According to some historians Lydians entered Anatolia with Phrygians in the 13th century BC. According to some, Etruscans and Hitites have the same origin with Lydians. There were 3 major dynasties who ruled the empire. In the 7th century BC, Heraklid dynasty took over the rule. According to the legendary story: In the 7th century BC the kingdom was ruled by Kandaules. Kandaules was admired by the beauty of his wife. He mentioned this beauty to his beloved friend commander Gyges. He forced him to see his wife while she was naked. Kandaules had Gyges hidden behind the door of his sleeping room. However Queen saw Gyges while departing and had no reaction. The other day she ordered Gyges to come and see her in the residence while Kandaules was away. She said to him 'Seeing a queen naked should have a punishment. You have two options you either going to kill my husband and become the king or you will die here now.' It was so hard to make this decision of Gyges and he decided to kill his friend Kandaules and became the next King of Lydia. This was the begining of a new dynasty to rule the Lydan Empire. This caused a rebellion, Gyges consulted to the Delphoi Apollon Temple. The answer was in the favour of Gyges. The treasury of Gyges in Delphoi Temple was a symbol of his appreciation.
The peak times for Lydians and their capital city Sardis was over 150 years from 7th century till 546BC. In that time Phyrigians were at the mid part of Anatolia there were Persian and Kimmerian attacks to western Anatolia. Sardis was a very rich capital where Greek and Oriental cultures meet. Sardis was a city which is known with a sculpturing school. Aeolian and and Ionian cities was under rule of Lydians till 546BC. Smyrna was the port city of Lydian Empire.
The first coins were invented by the Lydians. They also invented electron, a coin mixture of gold and silver. In the beginning the ratio was %60 gold, %40 silver. This ratio changed by years.
The King of Lydia was Croesus and he was very rich. He is even referred to in the saying "as rich as Croesus". Much of the wealth of Sardis is thought to have come from a gold-bearing stream that ran through the city called the Pactolos River (Sartcay). Pactolos stream assumed Midas`s Golden Touch when the Phyrigian king bathed in the headwaters and forever after flowed with gold. Lydians were known as refining of Gold. They made small hollows in the ground and used as hearths to melt down the gold dust panned from the Poctolus stream. The native gold was purified further in the banks of small furnaces.
After prosperous days of Lydian period, Persian attacks dangered cities peak times. In 585BC during a battle with Persians a solar eclipse was experienced. This shocked the people and interpreted as the gods was not in the favour of this war. This solar eclipse was estimated by Thales of Miletus who was considered as one of the 7 geniuses of the ancient world. Croesus consulted oracles regarding the future of the empire. Oracles advised him that he will be incharge for the destruction of an empire. He thought the empire will be destroyed will be Persia. However Sardis fell to Cyrus the Great of Persia in 546 BC. According to the legend King of Lydia had a lion son born from one of his concubines. For this miracle Lydian King consulted to the Apollon Temple. The prophecy was if the lion is toured around the city walls of Sardis, no one will conquer the city. Since some parts of the city was on very high slope, some parts were missed during touring. During the Persian siege, a Persian soldier saw a Lydian who dropped his helmet and went down to take it and climb back from the missed parts of the toured areas. The day after from the same area Persians climbed and captured the city and Croesus.
The city was the satrapy (goverment) center during the Persian rule. During the Ionian rebellion the city was destroyed by the Greeks. The city continued to flourish through the periods of Alexander the Great, Romans and Byzantines until it was inhabited by the Turks and then deserted.
It was here at Sardis that one of the "Seven Churches" had been founded. Investigations begun in 1910 by an American expedition exposed a well-preserved temple of Artemis along with a series of Lydian tombs dating from the 7th century BC and later. Since 1958 ongoing archaeological research at the site has uncovered, in addition to important Lydian-period finds, several later monuments, notably a gymnasium and synagogue of the 2-3C AD and several Byzantine shops.
Sardis also became the westernmost terminus of the Royal Road from Susa.
The ruins of Sardis can be divided into four areas: the Acropolis on Bozdag (Mount Tmolos), the Pactolos Valley where the Artemis Temple was built, the city located on both sides of the modern highway between Ankara and Izmir and finally Bintepeler (the Thousand Hills) consisting of 150 Lydian tombs. The ruins to the north of the highway are what were then public toilets, gymnasium and a synagogue. To the south of the synagogue was the main road of the city which had various shops, including a hardware store and a paint shop. The road once formed the westernmost stretch of the Royal Road. These ruins are of Byzantine period and have been dated to the 4th century AD.
Synagogue is from the 3rd century AD and once was a part of the gymnasium and restored to be a synagogue. Sardes has the largest known ancient synagogue. The synagogue in Sardis boasted an impressive capacity of accommodating up to 1000 people. Its size and grandeur are a testimony to the prosperity of the Jews in Sardes during Roman times and to their eminent position in the city. It was probably not originally planned to be a synagogue as it has a very different layout. It faces the direction of Jerusalem and the entrance is also from the same side through three gates, which open from the courtyard into the main assembly hall. After entering, one has to turn back to see the two shrines between the gates. At the opposite end of the hall there is a semicircular apse with three rows of marble seats which were thought to be for the elders. The floors were mostly covered with mosaics.
Gymnasium is a large 'Imperial Type' complex consisting of a palaestra next to the synagogue, colonnades on three sides and the main building with the recently-restored ornate facade. According to its inscription, it was bulit in the 2nd century AD and dedicated by the people of Sardes to Geta and Caracalla, the sons of Septimus Severus and to their mother Julia Domna. It was a complex of symmetrically arranged rooms. Around the gymnasium, one can notice the shops as paint shop and hardware shop. And also the part of the Royal road which is 30 feet wide. Bath consists of Apodyterium, Frigidarium, Tepidarium, Caldarium,
Artemis Temple is located in the Pactolos Valley and was one of the seven largest ancient temples with eight columns at short side and twenty along long side. Artemis temples always lay outside the city. It was believed that an altar dedicated to Artemis & Zeus had existed there as early as the 5th century BC. It was begun about a generation after conquest of Alexander and enormous scale was clearly ment to rival the 3 great Ionian Temples: Ephesus Artemis Temple, Samos Heraion and Didyma Apollon Temple. 3 mentioned temples are built with dipteros style. Sardis Temple was constructed with pseudodipteros style. Cella was subdivided into two possibly for Zeus & Artemis. Western cella dedicated to Zeus and Eastern to Artemis. The heads of Antonius Pius and his wife Faustina is also been excavated proving that Faustina and Antonius Pius was worshipped here. The temple was built in stages, the first part being constructed in 300 BC. Later further construction took place in the 2nd century BC. Again only part of the project was completed. The third stage started in the 2nd century AD. At this stage the cella was divided into two halves by an internal cross-wall, the western half dedicated to Artemis and the other half to the Empress Faustina, who was deified after her death.
Ruins of a small building at the southeastern corner of the temple belong to a 4th century AD church. According to some sources it is referred to as one of the Seven Churches of the Revelation. However, this cannot be correct as congregations not the actual buildings were meant by churches at that time.
Mounds: Burial mounds can also be noticed on the way. These individual thombs of kings and royalty of the 7th & 6th centuries BC. The largest mound is in the height of 200 feet.
According to some historians, there is a belief that the origins of the Etruscans date back to this region. In 1600BC on the Greek island of Santorini, known as Thera in ancient times. The volcanic eruption that occurred had important consequences for the region. The eruption released a massive ash cloud that made the land unsuitable for agriculture, potentially causing the Etruscans to migrate to modern-day Italy. It is a theory that sheds light on the possible reasons behind the Etruscan presence in Italy and offers a potential explanation for their origins.
Synagogue is from the 3rd century AD and once was a part of the gymnasium and restored to be a synagogue. Sardes has the largest known ancient synagogue. The synagogue in Sardis boasted an impressive capacity of accommodating up to 1000 people. Its size and grandeur are a testimony to the prosperity of the Jews in Sardes during Roman times and to their eminent position in the city. It was probably not originally planned to be a synagogue as it has a very different layout. It faces the direction of Jerusalem and the entrance is also from the same side through three gates, which open from the courtyard into the main assembly hall. After entering, one has to turn back to see the two shrines between the gates. At the opposite end of the hall there is a semicircular apse with three rows of marble seats which were thought to be for the elders. The floors were mostly covered with mosaics.
Gymnasium is a large 'Imperial Type' complex consisting of a palaestra next to the synagogue, colonnades on three sides and the main building with the recently-restored ornate facade. According to its inscription, it was bulit in the 2nd century AD and dedicated by the people of Sardes to Geta and Caracalla, the sons of Septimus Severus and to their mother Julia Domna. It was a complex of symmetrically arranged rooms. Around the gymnasium, one can notice the shops as paint shop and hardware shop. And also the part of the Royal road which is 30 feet wide. Bath consists of Apodyterium, Frigidarium, Tepidarium, Caldarium,
Artemis Temple is located in the Pactolos Valley and was one of the seven largest ancient temples with eight columns at short side and twenty along long side. Artemis temples always lay outside the city. It was believed that an altar dedicated to Artemis & Zeus had existed there as early as the 5th century BC. It was begun about a generation after conquest of Alexander and enormous scale was clearly ment to rival the 3 great Ionian Temples: Ephesus Artemis Temple, Samos Heraion and Didyma Apollon Temple. 3 mentioned temples are built with dipteros style. Sardis Temple was constructed with pseudodipteros style. Cella was subdivided into two possibly for Zeus & Artemis. Western cella dedicated to Zeus and Eastern to Artemis. The heads of Antonius Pius and his wife Faustina is also been excavated proving that Faustina and Antonius Pius was worshipped here. The temple was built in stages, the first part being constructed in 300 BC. Later further construction took place in the 2nd century BC. Again only part of the project was completed. The third stage started in the 2nd century AD. At this stage the cella was divided into two halves by an internal cross-wall, the western half dedicated to Artemis and the other half to the Empress Faustina, who was deified after her death.
Ruins of a small building at the southeastern corner of the temple belong to a 4th century AD church. According to some sources it is referred to as one of the Seven Churches of the Revelation. However, this cannot be correct as congregations not the actual buildings were meant by churches at that time.
Mounds: Burial mounds can also be noticed on the way. These individual thombs of kings and royalty of the 7th & 6th centuries BC. The largest mound is in the height of 200 feet.
According to some historians, there is a belief that the origins of the Etruscans date back to this region. In 1600BC on the Greek island of Santorini, known as Thera in ancient times. The volcanic eruption that occurred had important consequences for the region. The eruption released a massive ash cloud that made the land unsuitable for agriculture, potentially causing the Etruscans to migrate to modern-day Italy. It is a theory that sheds light on the possible reasons behind the Etruscan presence in Italy and offers a potential explanation for their origins.
Ionic Column from Artemis Temple of Sardis in MET
The Ionic column from Sardis displayed at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York is from the Temple of Artemis at Sardis, one of the largest temples of the ancient Greek world, located in western Anatolia. Dating to around the 3rd century BC, the column represents the elegance of the Ionic order, recognizable by its fluted shaft, carved base, and scroll-shaped volutes on the capital. The fragment at The Met is reconstructed from pieces excavated during early 1900s American archaeological campaigns at Sardis and gives visitors a sense of the temple’s original monumental scale—the full columns once rose more than about 58 feet high. This column is especially important because it reflects the Anatolian origins of the Ionic style and illustrates the high level of craftsmanship achieved in Hellenistic architecture.
We are pleased to present our special 7 Churches Tour in Turkey. Our meticulously planned itinerary ensures you have an unforgettable experience exploring the ruins of the ancient city of Sardis, which holds an important place in the hearts of many people. We also pride ourselves on our flexibility by offering private tours to Sardis from various locations such as Kusadası, Selcuk, Sirince and Izmir. We are here to provide you with an extraordinary and personalized experience. Please feel free to contact us to learn more about the rich historical sites, impeccable arrangements and unparalleled service we offer. Our team of experts is eager to help you create the journey of your life.
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Private Ephesus Tours for Muslim Travelers
We offer private tours of Ephesus and surrounding area for Muslim travellers. These private tours are leaded by licensed proffesional tour guides. The tour can start and end in Kusadasi, Selcuk, Sirince, Izmir Hotels, Izmir Airport and Kusadasi Cruise Port. The private tour includes visits to the Temple of Artemis, House of Maryam, Ancient City of Ephesus, Isa Bey Mosque and Cave of Ashabe-Kahf.
Ephesus Muslim Tours
Tour Itinerary:
After meeting with your tour guide drive to Selcuk town. Selcuk is the modern name for Ephesus. Your first visit will be the Temple of Artemis, one of the 7 wonders of the ancient world. Afterwards stop at a Cini workshop to see one of the Islamic Arts which is still being performed by the local artisans. Continue to House of Maryam, to see the possible house that Maryam, the mother of Isa (Jesus) spent her last years. In Islam, Isa (Jesus) is considered one of the five greatest prophets sent by God to mankind. In the Quran, Isa (Jesus) is referred to as Isa ibn Maryam (Jesus, the son of Mary). Maryam (Mary) is mentioned 34 times in the Quran, and she is the only woman mentioned by name in the Qur’an. Afterwards drive to the Ancient City of Ephesus where you will spend approx. 2.5 hours visiting the ruins of the 4th largest city of the Roman Empire. Before departing Ephesus Ancient City, visitors can enhance their experience by indulging in an 18-minute audiovisual show of Ephesus at the Ephesus Experience Museum. This captivating display provides a deeper insight into the historical richness and cultural significance of Ephesus, complementing the visit to the ancient city. Your next stop will be the Cave of Ashabe-Kahf, regarded as the cave which a group of early Christians sought refuge from Roman persecuters. Allah caused them to sleep for 300 years. This story is mentioned in the Holy Quran in Surah Kahf. Enjoy halal lunch and see another Islamic art form of weaving arts. Your last stop will be Isa Bey Mosque, a 14th century Turkish Mosque which has been actively used since 1375. Guests will have the opportunity to pray in this historical mosque.
Before concluding the tour, it is highly recommended to indulge in a variety of local delicacies, ranging from lokum (Turkish Delight) to baklava and beyond, to enrich your cultural experience. Sampling these traditional treats not only allows you to savor the authentic flavors of the region but also provides insight into the rich culinary heritage of the area. Delight your taste buds with the chewy sweetness of lokum and the flaky layers of baklava, immersing yourself in the distinct aromas and textures that make these delicacies unique. Return back to your hotel or airport.
Highlights to be visited:
For the cost of the private tour please contact us.
Rates Cover:
Rates Do Not Cover:
There is no prepayment required for the reservation. To avoid disappointment, we recommend to make your private tour reservation at earliest possible.
Payment Terms:
Payment can be made in Euro, Turkish Liras or US Dollar cash at the end of the tour. There is no prepayment required for the booking.
Cancellation Policy
You can cancel a tour 72 hours in advance of your tour departure without any charges. If you would like to cancel a tour, simply send us an email and we will be happy to assist you. Once you are within the 24 hour tour departure window, the tour becomes non-refundable. This is because our guide and vehicle have set aside space to accommodate your request and will often not be able to fill that space with another customer so close to departure. For cruise passengers, there is no cancellation fee if your ship does not call to the port in any reason.
After meeting with your tour guide drive to Selcuk town. Selcuk is the modern name for Ephesus. Your first visit will be the Temple of Artemis, one of the 7 wonders of the ancient world. Afterwards stop at a Cini workshop to see one of the Islamic Arts which is still being performed by the local artisans. Continue to House of Maryam, to see the possible house that Maryam, the mother of Isa (Jesus) spent her last years. In Islam, Isa (Jesus) is considered one of the five greatest prophets sent by God to mankind. In the Quran, Isa (Jesus) is referred to as Isa ibn Maryam (Jesus, the son of Mary). Maryam (Mary) is mentioned 34 times in the Quran, and she is the only woman mentioned by name in the Qur’an. Afterwards drive to the Ancient City of Ephesus where you will spend approx. 2.5 hours visiting the ruins of the 4th largest city of the Roman Empire. Before departing Ephesus Ancient City, visitors can enhance their experience by indulging in an 18-minute audiovisual show of Ephesus at the Ephesus Experience Museum. This captivating display provides a deeper insight into the historical richness and cultural significance of Ephesus, complementing the visit to the ancient city. Your next stop will be the Cave of Ashabe-Kahf, regarded as the cave which a group of early Christians sought refuge from Roman persecuters. Allah caused them to sleep for 300 years. This story is mentioned in the Holy Quran in Surah Kahf. Enjoy halal lunch and see another Islamic art form of weaving arts. Your last stop will be Isa Bey Mosque, a 14th century Turkish Mosque which has been actively used since 1375. Guests will have the opportunity to pray in this historical mosque.
Before concluding the tour, it is highly recommended to indulge in a variety of local delicacies, ranging from lokum (Turkish Delight) to baklava and beyond, to enrich your cultural experience. Sampling these traditional treats not only allows you to savor the authentic flavors of the region but also provides insight into the rich culinary heritage of the area. Delight your taste buds with the chewy sweetness of lokum and the flaky layers of baklava, immersing yourself in the distinct aromas and textures that make these delicacies unique. Return back to your hotel or airport.
Highlights to be visited:
- Temple of Artemis
- House of Maryam
- Ephesus Ancient City
- Ephesus Experience Museum
- Isabey Mosque
For the cost of the private tour please contact us.
Rates Cover:
- Services of an excellent English speaking tour Guide
- A/C vehicle.
- All transportation costs.
- Tax, service charges.
- Pick up and drop off from/to the desired location.
- Traditional Turkish Halal Lunch
- Free time to pray in the oldest Mosque of Selcuk.
Rates Do Not Cover:
- Entrance fees to the sites.
- Drinks during lunch
There is no prepayment required for the reservation. To avoid disappointment, we recommend to make your private tour reservation at earliest possible.
Payment Terms:
Payment can be made in Euro, Turkish Liras or US Dollar cash at the end of the tour. There is no prepayment required for the booking.
Cancellation Policy
You can cancel a tour 72 hours in advance of your tour departure without any charges. If you would like to cancel a tour, simply send us an email and we will be happy to assist you. Once you are within the 24 hour tour departure window, the tour becomes non-refundable. This is because our guide and vehicle have set aside space to accommodate your request and will often not be able to fill that space with another customer so close to departure. For cruise passengers, there is no cancellation fee if your ship does not call to the port in any reason.
For more information please contact us.
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Hotels near Ephesus Ruins
In the vicinity of Ephesus ruins, there is a good selection of boutique hotels for travellers who are seeking for comfortable and clean accomodation.
Here are some tips which will help you to choose where to stay:
Here are some tips which will help you to choose where to stay:
Best Hotels near Ephesus Ruins
Selcuk: An agricultural town 2 miles from the ancient city of Ephesus. Selcuk has small boutique hotels, Selcuk town is nice and very near to Ephesus but most of the hotels are not in high standards. We offer private Ephesus Walking Tours for travelers staying in Selcuk Hotels.
Recommended hotels to stay in Selcuk:
Kusadasi : Recommended for travellers who enjoy modern four- and five-star resort hotels, there are many choices for travellers in Kusadasi. Kusadasi is located 15 miles away from ancient city of Ephesus. Our recommendation is to stay in Kusadasi and do the tour of Ephesus out of Kusadasi. Kusadasi has several beaches, nice restaurants and good hotels that you may enjoy.
Recommended hotels to stay in Kusadasi:
Recommended hotels to stay in Selcuk:
Kusadasi : Recommended for travellers who enjoy modern four- and five-star resort hotels, there are many choices for travellers in Kusadasi. Kusadasi is located 15 miles away from ancient city of Ephesus. Our recommendation is to stay in Kusadasi and do the tour of Ephesus out of Kusadasi. Kusadasi has several beaches, nice restaurants and good hotels that you may enjoy.
Recommended hotels to stay in Kusadasi:
Sirince Village :located approximately 8 miles from the ancient city of Ephesus. It is a touristy village which is becoming crowded with especially Turkish tourists coming from the big Turkish cities. Can be a good choice but going there is a liitle bit difficult.
Recommended hotels to stay in Sirince:
Izmir : The 3rd largest city of Turkey. Having a traffic problem during weekdays. Staying in Izmir is not recommended, since Izmir city does not offer much for the travellers.
Recommended hotels to stay in Izmir :
Recommended hotels to stay in Sirince:
Izmir : The 3rd largest city of Turkey. Having a traffic problem during weekdays. Staying in Izmir is not recommended, since Izmir city does not offer much for the travellers.
Recommended hotels to stay in Izmir :
- Hyatt Regency Hotel - 5 Stars
- Ibis Izmir Alsancak - 3 Stars
- Double Tree Izmir Airport - 4 Stars
Best Hotels to stay near Ephesus
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The third ecumenical council was held in Ephesus
The Seven Ecumenical Councils
The third ecumenical council in 431 AD, held in Ephesus at the first church named after the Virgin Mary in the world. This pivotal gathering marked a crucial moment in the early Christian church's history, particularly in defining the nature of Virgin Mary and Jesus Christ. The location at the church dedicated to the Virgin Mary added a layer of spiritual significance.
Main Decisions of the Council of Ephesus
- Mary was officially affirmed as ''Theotokos''
- Nestorianism was condemned
Nestorius taught that Christ had two separate natures (one divine, one human). He believed Mary gave birth to Christ’s human nature, not to God’s divine nature. Because of this, he objected to calling Mary Theotokos (“God-bearer”), preferring Christotokos (“Christ-bearer”). The council affirmed instead that Jesus Christ is one person with two natures (divine and human), united without separation. The council emphasized that Christ is one Person (hypostasis). His divinity and humanity are united in one person. Because he refused to accept the council’s teaching, Nestorius was removed from his positionas Patriarch of Constantinople.
The Feast of the Dormition of the Theotokos
The Feast of the Dormition of the Theotokos is a very important Christian feast, especially in the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches.
Theotokos = *Mother of God*
Dormition = *falling asleep*
So the feast commemorates the falling asleep (death) of the Virgin Mary, and her being taken into heaven by Christ. The Feast of Dormition of Mary is a significant celebration observed on August 15th by Eastern Orthodox Churches, while the Roman Catholic Church commemorates the same day as the Feast of Assumption. The East emphasizes Mary’s death and the West emphasizes her being taken up into heaven. August 15th is a day of profound reverence and reflection for believers in both faiths as they celebrate the spiritual significance of Mary's role in Christian theology. The dual observance on the 15th of August showcases the deep historical and cultural importance of Mary in the Christian faith, uniting followers in devotion and commemoration of her extraordinary life and spiritual legacy.
Theotokos = *Mother of God*
Dormition = *falling asleep*
So the feast commemorates the falling asleep (death) of the Virgin Mary, and her being taken into heaven by Christ. The Feast of Dormition of Mary is a significant celebration observed on August 15th by Eastern Orthodox Churches, while the Roman Catholic Church commemorates the same day as the Feast of Assumption. The East emphasizes Mary’s death and the West emphasizes her being taken up into heaven. August 15th is a day of profound reverence and reflection for believers in both faiths as they celebrate the spiritual significance of Mary's role in Christian theology. The dual observance on the 15th of August showcases the deep historical and cultural importance of Mary in the Christian faith, uniting followers in devotion and commemoration of her extraordinary life and spiritual legacy.
Icon of the dormition of Theotokos
We are delighted to extend to you the opportunity to experience our exclusive private biblical tours of Ephesus, which take you on a journey to visit the first church named after Virgin Mary, a significant historical and religious site. Immerse yourself in the rich history and spiritual significance of this location as you explore where the third ecumenical council was held. For detailed information on availability and to learn more about this unique tour experience, we invite you to reach out to us directly. We are here to ensure that your visit to Ephesus is not only educational but also deeply meaningful.
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Private Ephesus Excursions for Celestyal Cruises Passengers: Celestyal Discovery and Celestyal Journey
We offer Private Ephesus excursions for Celestyal Cruises passengers during Celestyal Cruises Kusadasi calls at lower prices than Celestyal Cruises Shore Excursions. Our Ephesus Tours from Kusadası Port offer travelers a more memorable and personal experience than Celestyal Cruise Excursions.
Ephesus Tours for Celestyal Cruises Passengers
Are you ready for an exciting adventure? If you're a Celestyal Cruises passenger, then brace yourself for the unforgettable Ephesus tour! Get ready to step back in time and explore the wonders of this ancient city in Turkey. As you disembark from your cruise ship, you'll be transported to a world of rich history and stunning archaeological treasures. Wander through the ruins of the Library of Celsus, marvel at the grandeur of the Great Theater, and let your imagination run wild as you walk along the once bustling marble streets. This tour is not for the faint of heart, as you'll be venturing deep into the heart of this ancient city, uncovering its secrets as you go. Soak in the sense of discovery as you explore hidden temples, Roman baths, and ancient houses. Don't forget to snap some Instagram-worthy pictures to capture this thrilling experience! Whether you're a history buff or simply up for an adventure, the Ephesus tour for Celestyal Cruises passengers promises to leave you with memories that will last a lifetime. So, grab your camera, put on some comfortable shoes, and get ready to embark on an epic journey through time.
We organize private tours of Ephesus and Pamukkale and private transfers to Izmir Airport for Celestyal Cruises Passengers who will be cruising, embarking and disembarking to/from the Celestyal Discovery and Celestyal Journey at Kusadasi Cruise Port.
We organize private tours of Ephesus and Pamukkale and private transfers to Izmir Airport for Celestyal Cruises Passengers who will be cruising, embarking and disembarking to/from the Celestyal Discovery and Celestyal Journey at Kusadasi Cruise Port.
Celestyal Discovery and Celestyal Journey of Greek Celestyal Cruises will be calling back to the cruise port of Kusadasi in 2025. Celestyal Discovery will be the first Celestyal cruise ship which will be calling at Kusadasi Cruise Port in March 2025. Celestyal Discovery and Celestyal Journey will call to the Port of Kusadasi every Saturday during 4 Days Greek Islands and Turkey Weekend Cruise and every Tuesday during 5 Days Greek Islands and Turkey Cruise. On both days the ships will stay at the Port of Kusadasi from 7am till 1pm.
For passengers cruising on Celestyal Cruise and the travelers who are embarking and disembarking from Celestyal Cruise Ships we offer private Ephesus tours.
Ephesus private tour options are as follows:
For passengers cruising on Celestyal Cruise and the travelers who are embarking and disembarking from Celestyal Cruise Ships we offer private Ephesus tours.
Ephesus private tour options are as follows:
- Temple of Artemis and Ephesus Ancient City
- Ephesus Ancient City and Terrace Houses
- Ephesus Ancient City and House of Virgin Mary
- Basilica of St. John, House of Virgin Mary and Ancient City of Ephesus
- Temple of Artemis, Ancient City of Ephesus and Sirince Village
Cost of Private Ephesus Tour from Kusadasi Port: 180 Euro (Total to be paid for 1-6 people)
* On certain dates, we offer %20 discount. Dates for Discounted Private Ephesus Tours
Rates Cover:
Rates Do Not Cover:
* Above rate is NOT a per person rate. It is total to be paid for your group.
* In addition to private tours with English speaking tour guides, we also provide private tours with Spanish, German, Portuguese, Russian, Bulgarian, French and Italian speaking licensed tour guides. There is a surcharge for non-English speaking tours. For costs please contact us.
* On certain dates, we offer %20 discount. Dates for Discounted Private Ephesus Tours
Rates Cover:
- Services of an excellent English speaking tour Guide
- A/C Private Transportation with Driver
- All transportation costs.
- Tax, service charges
Rates Do Not Cover:
- Entrance fees to the sites.
* Above rate is NOT a per person rate. It is total to be paid for your group.
* In addition to private tours with English speaking tour guides, we also provide private tours with Spanish, German, Portuguese, Russian, Bulgarian, French and Italian speaking licensed tour guides. There is a surcharge for non-English speaking tours. For costs please contact us.
There is no prepayment required for the reservation.
Payment can be made in Euro, Turkish Liras or US Dollar cash at the end of the tour. There is no prepayment required for the booking
Cancellation Policy
You can cancel a tour 72 hours in advance of your tour departure without any charges. If you would like to cancel a tour, simply send us an email and we will be happy to assist you. Once you are within the 24 hour tour departure window, the tour becomes non-refundable. This is because our guide and vehicle have set aside space to accommodate your request and will often not be able to fill that space with another customer so close to departure. For cruise passengers, there is no cancellation fee if your ship does not call to the port in any reason.
Payment can be made in Euro, Turkish Liras or US Dollar cash at the end of the tour. There is no prepayment required for the booking
Cancellation Policy
You can cancel a tour 72 hours in advance of your tour departure without any charges. If you would like to cancel a tour, simply send us an email and we will be happy to assist you. Once you are within the 24 hour tour departure window, the tour becomes non-refundable. This is because our guide and vehicle have set aside space to accommodate your request and will often not be able to fill that space with another customer so close to departure. For cruise passengers, there is no cancellation fee if your ship does not call to the port in any reason.
* We offer %20 discount on certain dates. Book early and save more. To see the discounted dates for private Ephesus tours please visit: Ephesus Discounted Tours
If you have questions or need more information please visit Kusadasi Port Ephesus Tours and do not hesitate to contact us.
If you have questions or need more information please visit Kusadasi Port Ephesus Tours and do not hesitate to contact us.
Celestyal Oympia at Kusadasi Cruise Port
Celestyal Olympia entering Kusadasi - May 09 2017
Celestyal Olympia at Kusadasi Cruise Port - March 03 2020
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Private Ephesus Excursions for Viking Cruises Passengers from Kusadasi Cruise Port
Viking Cruises Ancient Mediterranean Treasures
Viking Cruises Ancient Mediterranean Treasures, Mediterranean Antiquities and Greek Odyssey cruises will call at Kusadasi Cruise Port in 2026. Viking Cruises will have 60 port calls to Kusadasi Cruise Port. First call will be made by Viking Vesta on January 01 during Ancient Mediterranean Antiquities. We have started receiving enquiries from Viking Cruises passengers for private tours to Ephesus.
Viking Cruise Ships that will be calling to Kusadasi Cruise Port in 2026
Viking Cruise Ships that will be calling to Kusadasi Cruise Port in 2026
- Viking Vesta
- Viking Star
- Viking Saturn
- Viking Neptune
- Viking Sky
- Viking Jupiter
- Viking Vela
- VIking Mira
- Viking Libra
- Viking Mars
- Viking Sea
Ephesus Travel Guide is an Ephesus shore excursion operator. We provide high quality Ephesus cruise excursions at substantially lower prices than Viking Mediterranean Shore Excursions. Enjoy a more intimate experience and avoid the crowds. Viking Cruises included shore excursion (A gentle journey into the Ancient World) will only take you to a few sites. By booking a private full day Ephesus Tour with us, Make the most out of your stay in Ephesus. Be confident in your choice with 24/7 support for travelers, no charge if you miss your Ephesus shore excursion due to an itinerary or a weather change, and guaranteed return to your cruise ship! Discover exciting excursions and day trips from Kusadasi to Ephesus. High value tours, lower cost than the Viking Cruise Excursions. Browse our collection of Ephesus private tours.
Ephesus Travel Guide is a trusted Ephesus shore excursion operator, committed to delivering exceptional experiences at unbeatable prices. Our specialty is showcasing fascinating Antiquities of Ephesus and allowing our guests to embark on a truly extraordinary journey through time. With our meticulously designed Ephesus cruise tours, you will explore the fascinating ruins of Ephesus,. What sets us apart from other operators such as Viking Mediterranean Shore Excursions is not only the extremely low prices we offer, but also our commitment to providing a professional and reliable service. Book your Ephesus Shore Excursion with Ephesus Travel Guide and let us take you on an unforgettable exploration in the fascinating ancient city of Ephesus.
Ephesus is a very well preserved Greco-Roman city. Explore this fascinating treasure with Ephesus Travel Guide. Viking Cruises passengers who are seeking an exclusive private tour of Ephesus can
contact us via WhatsApp or contact form for expert advice to help select the best tours for you.
Ephesus Travel Guide is a trusted Ephesus shore excursion operator, committed to delivering exceptional experiences at unbeatable prices. Our specialty is showcasing fascinating Antiquities of Ephesus and allowing our guests to embark on a truly extraordinary journey through time. With our meticulously designed Ephesus cruise tours, you will explore the fascinating ruins of Ephesus,. What sets us apart from other operators such as Viking Mediterranean Shore Excursions is not only the extremely low prices we offer, but also our commitment to providing a professional and reliable service. Book your Ephesus Shore Excursion with Ephesus Travel Guide and let us take you on an unforgettable exploration in the fascinating ancient city of Ephesus.
Ephesus is a very well preserved Greco-Roman city. Explore this fascinating treasure with Ephesus Travel Guide. Viking Cruises passengers who are seeking an exclusive private tour of Ephesus can
contact us via WhatsApp or contact form for expert advice to help select the best tours for you.
Ephesus Tour for Viking Cruise Passengers
How to Book a Private Ephesus Shore Excursion ?
You can book this tour, by sending us an inquiry or by WhatsApp.
Contact us or WhatsApp +90 536 225 5658
Write to a Private Shore Excursion expert for more information about this tour and other tours.
You can book this tour, by sending us an inquiry or by WhatsApp.
Contact us or WhatsApp +90 536 225 5658
Write to a Private Shore Excursion expert for more information about this tour and other tours.
