If you're planning a trip to Ephesus, you may wonder who the best tour guide would be to enhance your experience. Booking a knowledgeable and experienced tour guide can make all the difference in understanding the historical importance and significance of Ephesus ancient city. Let's explore the qualities and expertise you should look for in a tour guide to ensure you have an unforgettable and informative visit to Ephesus.

When searching for the best tour guide for Ephesus, it's important to consider their experience, expertise, authority, and trustworthiness. A great tour guide should possess an in-depth understanding of the history, culture, and archaeological significance of Ephesus. They should also be able to share this knowledge in an engaging and accessible way, catering to the interests and needs of their audience.

The best tour guide for Ephesus should have a wealth of experience in guiding visitors through this ancient city. They should have extensive knowledge of the site's history, architectural wonders, and excavation discoveries. Ideally, they should be able to provide detailed explanations of the significance of each site, such as the Library of Celsus, the Temple of Artemis, and the Grand Theater of Ephesus.
With their expertise, a knowledgeable tour guide can bring ancient Ephesus to life by weaving in captivating anecdotes and historical context. As you explore the ruins and walk in the footsteps of the ancient Romans, a skilled guide can transport you back in time, enabling you to truly appreciate the grandeur and magnificence of this once-thriving city.

To ensure a reliable and authentic experience, it's crucial to choose a tour guide who is recognized for their authority and trustworthiness. Look for tour guides who are affiliated with reputable tour companies or organizations. These guides are often vetted for their knowledge and adherence to ethical standards.
Additionally, reading reviews and testimonials from previous visitors can provide valuable insights into the reputation and reliability of a tour guide. Hearing firsthand accounts of others' experiences can help you determine if a particular guide is the right fit for your needs.

When it comes to exploring Ephesus, one notable tour guide who stands out is Denizhan Pekoz. With over 20 years of experience as a licensed tour guide, Denizhan has gained a reputation for his outstanding knowledge and passion for the Ephesus ancient city.

As a seasoned expert, Denizhan's tours are infused with captivating stories and historical facts that make each visit to Ephesus truly unforgettable. His enthusiastic and engaging approach ensures that visitors of all ages and backgrounds can appreciate and absorb the rich history surrounding them.

During Denizhan's tours, visitors can expect a comprehensive exploration of Ephesus's most iconic landmarks, as well as hidden gems off the beaten path. Denizhan's deep understanding of the city's history allows him to provide detailed explanations of each site, contextualizing them within the larger historical narrative. With him as your tour guide, you'll gain a deeper understanding of the significance of each artifact and structure, leaving you with a profound appreciation for ancient Ephesus.
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Selecting the best tour guide for Ephesus can greatly enhance your visit to this extraordinary ancient city. Look for experienced tour guides who possess deep knowledge and expertise in Ephesus's history, culture, and archaeology. Ensure that they are trusted and recognized authorities in their field. Denizhan is the ideal choice to lead you through the wonders of Ephesus and make your visit truly unforgettable. 

Denizhan Pekoz offers private Ephesus Tours from Kusadasi Port, Izmir Port, Kusadasi, Izmir, Selcuk Alacati, Sirince, Izmir Hotels and Izmir Airport. 
For more information and availability please contact us.

* Ephesus Travel Guide only promotes best tour guides in Ephesus with a professional tour guide license, ensuring you have the best possible private tour experience.

“Kusadasi Private tour”
​We decided to go with a private tour of Kusadasi instead of the very expensive cruise tours, I researched on tripadvisor and decided to go with Denizhan after reading all the great reviews.
Our experience with him was fantastic, he replied to my email right away and confirmed the tour, he was waiting for us at the port although we were about 20 minutes late getting out of the ship. He first took us to the temple of Armetis, his knowledge of the area was amazing, he also took us to the House of Mary and then we had a fabulous lunch since my kids were hungry, he was very flexible on the tour and he accomodated all our requests, Ephesus was mindblowing and the time and patience he had with us was really appreciated. I recommend Denizhans tour with a 5 star. A very enjoyable and unforgettable port call.

“A comprehensive day in Ephesus”
Denizkhan was the best tour guide I have come across, and I do travel quite a bit. He was well ahead of time waiting for us at our hotel. He clearly has a lot of passion and knowledge in the area around Ephesus and was full of historical facts but also helping us gain a broader understanding of modern day history. On request he also took us to some of the best local pottery and leather handicraft stores. We thoroughly enjoyed our time with him. He also dropped us off at the Izmir airport at the end of the day. Have made a connection for life, would visit again in a heartbeat.

“So knowledgeable and helpful!”
Reviewed 4 weeks agoDenizhan knows it all! His comprehensive knowledge of Ephesus painted for us a most vivid picture of what life was like in a thriving metropolis and trade center 2000 years ago. And he was extremely helpful in addressing some personal matters for us. We could not recommend more highly!

“Great Tour of Ephesus with Denizhan”
We loved spending the day in Ephesus with Denizhan. He and his driver were waiting with a friendly smile when we arrived at the cruise terminal. We were a group of four. We all love history and wanted to learn all we could about the Biblical history of the area. Denizhan was perfect for us. He knew more than we could ever know about the history of the area but was able to explain it in an interesting way. He knew and understood the Biblical text and explained it in a way that made the area come to life. He was also honest and realistic when authorities had different opinions or when they were not sure about what happened at a site. He kept us moving and ahead of the crowds---but not rushed. The lunch of typical Turkish food out under big trees was a highlight of our whole trip. We enjoyed visiting with Denizhan during lunch about the food and his life in Turkey with his family. He truly loved this country and passed this on to us. We were sad when the tour was over but left with an appreciation of Ephesus and Turkey. People were warm and kind. We hope to visit again some day. If we are anywhere near this area we will get in touch with Denizhan to continue with our tour of Turkey. My husband said this was the best tour he ever took and the rest of us agreed. Thanks for a great day, Denizhan!

“Simply wonderful!!!!”
I am someone who doesn't care much about old stones I never had a history teacher I liked. Now that's sad! But I am learning.!
This tour of Ephesus was amazing. Denizhan Pekoz was our guide and he made it all make sense without being over bearing. The old stones seemed to come alive and I could see how this was once a thriving city. We were not rushed and we did not dilly dally around but went smoothly through the ruins. It seemed as if real people could have e lived there. It was also clear how much work was still to be done and how different it would be if we came back in even 5 years! 
I will never tour again without a private guide. 
It took us about 4 hours including a stop at a wonderful ceramic store and a stop at a magnificent state run school for rug makers. The rugs were shown to us with the greatest care. We would dearly have loved to have bought one but there was no pressure. Traveling as we were we could not do it. The rugs were simply wonderful and we learned a lot about rug making. 
We would like to go back to both places ! and to Ephesus with Denizhan!!

“Private Tour of Ephesus by Trans Balkan tours”
We were a group of 7. We wanted a tour of Ephesus from a Christian perspective. We were picked up at the Cruise Ship dock by Dennis and transported in a brand new looking Mercedes van. Dennis was very knowledgeable of the Biblical text and was careful to differentiate historical truth from speculation or tradition.
We started our tour at St. John's Basilica. Dennis share with us information about the area as well as Christian history. We stopped at a pottery shop on the way to the ruins of Ephesus. While in Ephesus we were wowed by the stories of St. Paul who lived there for 2 1/2 years. Dennis truly knows the Biblical Text. Even for the benefit of non-believers, the ruins are a sight to behold. We also went to the possible home of Mary, mother of Jesus. A somber experience. Then we had a traditional Turkish lunch and a tour of a Turkish carpet facility. The food was wonderful and all part of our tour package price. You will pay for St John's, Ephesus, and Mary's home on your own. Also you will pay for parking. The price for seven of us was around $170 total. Not including tip and admission fees.
Far less than one of those Cruise Ship Excursions would cost. We did far more for far less money than the Cruise ship charges. And we rode in comfort with just our small group and were treated quite well.
One small complaint I would have is that when you stop at the pottery shop and carpet shop, there is a little pressure to purchase something from the shop. Dennis told us not to feel pressured, but I felt pressured. It's just something other travelers should be aware of.
For the record, we felt totally safe on this tour.

Most linguists believe Pergamon comes from a pre-Greek (Anatolian) word meaning something like fortified place, citadel, or high fortress. Romanized form is Pergamum.

​According to historical records, the origins of this city date back to the 8th century BC. However, it is noteworthy that, unlike many cities in Western Anatolia, the first inhabitants of this city were not of Greek origin. Instead, there is a belief among some scholars that the first settlers were actually descendants of Trojans who took refuge after the disastrous Trojan War.

Pergamon was on a tributary of the Bakircay (Caicus River), enclosed by high mountains. Fertile, self-contained and easily defended, it provided the perfect setting for the maintenance of a city state. In the era following the death of Alexander the Great (323 BC), Lysimachus, one of Alexander’s generals, chose Pergamon as the treasury for his vast wealth, placing here 9,000 talents of gold under the guardianship of his lieutenant, Philetaerus. 9000 talents of gold would be worth approximately $18,5 billions USD today. Upon Lysimachus’s death, Philetaerus used this fortune and founded the independent dynasty of the Attalid Kings. Pergamon later became the capital of a flourishing Hellenistic kingdom and one of the principal centers of Hellenistic civilization. Under Kings Attalus I and Eumenes II, Pergamon reached the height of its independent powers. At the same time, however, it began to look to Rome for alliance against the warring Hellenistic rulers. After signalizing himself as a friend of Rome, Attalus I was awarded the Seleucid dominions, making Pergamon a powerful kingdom, comprising of Mysia, Lydia, Caria, Pamphylia and Phrygia. In addition to extending the kingdom, Attalus I adorned his capital with architectural splendors. Attalos defeated the Galatians in 230BC. Eumenes II also brought the city to the climax of its cultural prominence. During the reigns of these two prominent kings, the city so flourished that it could only be compared to Antioch and Alexandria. King Attalus III bequeathed (133 BC) his domains to the Romans, under whom the city retained its position as the preeminent artistic and intellectual center of Anatolia but declined in political and economic importance. In the first years of Roman rule, a civil war was leaded by Aristonikos who claimed to be a non official son of Eumenes II. This civil war took 3 years and ended with his defeat, The city went through the Arab, Byzantine and finally the Turkish period in the 14th century.

Pergamon attained a high culture in the Hellenistic era, boasting an outstanding library that rivaled in importance that of Alexandria, a famous school of sculpture and excellent public buildings and monuments of which the Zeus Altar is the best example. Pergamum had 3 temples: Altar of Zeus, Temple of Athena and Temple of Trajan. In the Roman period, Pergamon played an important role in the early history of Christianity. It was also numbered among the Seven Churches of Revelation. The first Christian bishop of Pergamon, Antipas, was believed to have been martyred here in 92. (Revelation 2:13). Antipas was ordered to sacrifice an animal in the name of pagan gods. Antipas was sentenced to death on the altar of Zeus. (Anti-pas meaning against everything.)

Acropolis: The function of the acropolis in Pergamon was never the same as the function of the acropolis in Athens. In Athens everything was focused on religion, whereas in Pergamon it was on social and cultural activities, or in other words, daily life. As a result of this contrast, major buildings in Pergamon were reserved for public use in daily life. Even in the temples, religion was of secondary importance. Buildings had large areas for the public where they could meet, walk or join in social affairs. Pergamon was the first city to react against functional urbanism of Hippodamus preferring ornamental urbanism. Pergamenes agreed that functionalism was necessary, but that aesthetics were to be given even more consideration. The buildings of the Acropolis were designed to be seen from below and to impress those viewing the city from the valley. Except for the Trajan Temple all the buildings were built in the Hellenistic period during which constructions were made of andesite and very rarely in marble. Heroon, in general, is a shrine dedicated to a deified hero. The Heroon in the Acropolis of Pergamon was the imperial cult or the shrine in which kings of Pergamon, especially Attalus I and Eumenes II, were worshipped. It was a peristyle building made of andesite from the Hellenistic period. 

The Sanctuary of Athena was entered through a propylon which was built by Eumenes II. As written in its inscription, it was dedicated to victory-bringing Athena by King Eumenes. The entrance opens into a courtyard surrounded by three stoas of the Doric order. This also dates from the same period. At the corner near the theater was the Athena Temple in Doric order which was built earlier, in the 3C BC. It was built of andesite and stood on a crepidoma with two steps. 

The Library of Pergamon, built by Eumenes II, was the second of the three famous ancient libraries. It contained 200,000 volumes. A century later Mark Antony gave them to Cleopatra as a wedding present to be added to the collection of the library in Alexandria. The library building was next to the north stoa of the Athena Sanctuary. This was not a coincedance. Athena was known as the protector of science. Most probably, the second floor of the stoa was at the same level with the first floor of the library. It had a large reading hall with many shelves all around, leaving an empty space between walls and shelves for the circulation of air to prevent humidity. Manuscripts were written on parchment then rolled or folded and put on shelves. When the Egyptians prohibited the export of papyrus, the King of Pergamon ordered that a new material be found. The new discovery was "parchment", a fine material from sheep or goat skin, highly polished with pumice stone and slit into sheets. Therefore the name of Pergamon has been perpetuated and seen as synonymous with the word "parchment". They used scrolls which was rolled to a feet long stick. Reader was holding the two ends while reading he was rolling the stick. Codex, todays book shape was also founded in Pergamon. 

The Temple of Trajan was an Imperial temple decorated with Corinthian columns, dating from the 2nd century AD. Dedicated to Trajan, built by his successor Hadrian. Both emperors were worshipped there. The temple was built of marble, probably on the site of a previous Hellenistic building. Before the construction, the area was leveled off by using a successful arched and vaulted substructure. The temple is flanked by stoas on three sides, the one at the back being higher than the others. It was in Corinthian order to have a peripteros plan, with 9 by 6 columns. 

It is said that the Theater in the acropolis of Pergamon is the steepest raked Hellenistic theater in the world. The cavea of the theater which consists of 80 rows of seats is divided into three sections by two diazomas. The capacity was 10,000 people. The construction material is andesite. Because it was originally a Hellenistic theater, there was not a permanent stage building and people sitting on the cavea could see outside and beyond the playing area. In the Hellenistic period, performances were held in a festive atmosphere and took a long time. People spent a lot of time in the theater, usually the minimum of a full day. Therefore, they never wanted to block their view of outside and the stage building, being made of wood, was portable. Square holes at the back of the orchestra were for the portable stage building. The theater was also used during the Roman period with some alterations. ​

Around 278 BC, the Galatians (a Celtic people who had migrated into Anatolia from the Balkans) crossed into Asia Minor. Afterward, the Galatians raided many parts of western Anatolia, including the territories of Pergamon, Ephesus, and other cities in Mysia, Lydia, and Phrygia. The ruler of Pergamon at that time was Philetaerus, founder of the Attalid dynasty. He managed to defend Pergamon successfully, likely by paying the Galatians tribute rather than engaging in open battle. Later, his successor Attalus I defeated the Galatians (around 241–238 BC) and refused to pay them tribute. In the name of the victory against Galatians. As a gratitute to Gods, for their support the people of Pergamom built a huge altar in the name of Zeus about 180 BC, which stands in its own precinct but, most unusually, without a temple. The altar, a marble offering-table, stood on an enormous stone platform, which also supported the double colonnade of Ionic columns enclosing it on three sides. On the fourth side it was approached by a fine stairway, nearly 65 ft wide. Much of the structure and almost all of the friezes are now in Berlin. Decorated with vigorous friezes of life-size figures depicting a battle between gods and giants, its contemporary context is probably King Eumenes II’s celebration of his recent victories over the Galatians. If this is so, then the context incorporates within its apparently straightforward mythology the King’s assertion of his own triumphant role as the defender of traditions against barbarianism. At the top of the Great Altar of Zeus, there was a hallow bronze bull, designed for human sacrifice. The victims tied inside the bull, the head of the person was placed at the head part of the bull. Then a huge fire was lighted under the bull. As the fire heated the bronze, the person inside the bull began to roast and start shouting and crying, through the pipes of the bull which seemed to make the bull alive. Most probably Antipas also died like this. (Holokaust: Wholly burnt animal sacrifice.) In early 19 hundreds German engineer Carl Human by the approval of Ottoman Sultan dismantle the altar and took it to Berlin. In 1930s, the Pergamon Museum opened in Berlin which human sacrifies techniques most probably inspired  most bruthal dictator Hitler. Some of the Nazi Buildings at that time were inspired by the Altar of Zeus.  Zeppelin Field in Nuremberg was one of Albert Speer's first works for the Nazi party and was based on the Pergamon Altar. Albert Speer was the chief architect of the Nazi Party and an ally of Adolf Hitler.

An ingenious aqueduct system stretching for 20 miles was implemented to provide water to the Ancient City of Pergamum. These aqueducts carried water through a network of 240,000 clay pipes, providing a reliable water source for the Acropolis. Circular structures, reminiscent of the wells on the Acropolis, were strategically placed so that water levels could be meticulously monitored. These unique structures served as effective tools for measuring water levels, allowing city officials to closely monitor this vital resource.

The Red Basilica: This building was a 2nd Century AD temple dedicated to Egyptian gods and goddesses especially Serapis (known as Osiris in Egypt) from the time of the Emperor Hadrian. In the Byzantine period it was converted into a basilica. Because of the red bricks used in the construction and its court-like area, it was named the Red Court. The two pools as cold and hot was related to religious rituals. In the cults of Isis and Serapis, water is associated with the Sacred Nile river, meaning abundance. The building was constructed on Selinius river. Serapis has similarities with underworld god Hades (Plouton in Roman Mythology).

Asclepieum was a sanctuary and a healing center built in the name of the god of healing, Asclepius. It was similar to the one in Epidauros in Greece. Although this place was set up in the 4th Century BC, it had its peak in the Roman period.

Asclepius, son of Apollo, the god of healing, was a famous physician. His mother, Coronis, a princess of Thessaly, died when he was an infant. Apollo entrusted the child’s education to Chiron, a centaur, who taught Asclepius the healing arts. Asclepius, when grown, became so skilled in surgery and the use of medicinal plants that he could even restore the dead back to life. Hades, ruler of the dead, became alarmed at this and complained to Zeus, who killed Asclepius with a thunderbolt. Hygiea was the daugther of Asklepion. Hygine word is derived from her name. 

The healing center, Asclepieum, had been something very similar to a modern natural healing clinic. Patients were given exercises, drugs, mud baths, herbal remedies, or could take the honey cure, drink the waters of the spring or be treated by suggestion. They could walk among the trees and be calmed by the scent of pine. Over the gate had been inscribed the words: "In the name of the Gods, Death is forbidden to enter". Terminal patients were not allowed for this ancient healing center. Reputation was so important that they did not want anyone hear that somebody died here. Snakes were sacred to Asclepius because of their power to renew themselves. That is why there was a relief of snakes at the entrance to the sacred area of the medical center symbolizing health. 

Among the famous physicians of the Asclepieum was Galen. Galen was the most outstanding physician of antiquity after Hippocrates. His anatomical studies on animals and observations of how the human body functions dominated medical theory and practice for 1400 years. Galen was born in Pergamon. A shrine to the healing god Asclepius was located in Pergamon and there young Galen observed how the medical techniques of the time were used to treat the ill or wounded. He received his formal medical training in nearby Smyrna and then traveled widely, gaining more medical knowledge. Galen dissected many animals, particularly goats, pigs and monkeys, to demonstrate how different muscles are controlled at different levels of the spinal cord. He also showed that the brain controls the voice. Galen showed that arteries carry blood, disproving the 400 years old belief that arteries carry air. Galen was also highly praised in his time as a philosopher. He closely followed the view of the philosopher Aristotle that nothing in nature is superfluous. Galen’s principal contribution to philosophic thought was the concept that God’s purposes can be understood by examining nature. Galen’s observations in anatomy remained his most enduring contribution. His medical writings were translated by 9th century Arab scholars. Galen used herbal remedies. Today in pharmacy the 'galenical' is derived from his name. Galenical stands for a medicine prepared by extracting one or more active components of a plant.

The Colonnaded Road connected Asclepieum to the city. Originally it was 2,700 ft. Today only a small part of this road is visible. The Propylon was located at the end of the colonnaded road and dates from 2nd Century AD. It had 12 steps and opened into a large courtyard which was surrounded by stoas on three sides. It had beautiful acroteriums one of which can be seen in the Bergama museum. Stoas originally had Ionic capitals but after an earthquake in the 2nd Century AD, some Corinthian capitals were also used. The Library was for both educational and entertainment purposes with many medical books for the physicians and other books for use by the patients. The Theater is a small building in Roman style with a capacity of 3,500 people. It was mainly used for performances to entertain the patients when not receiving treatment. Some claim that the patients were acting as the actors. The first psychological group therapy in the world is practiced in this theater.

The Sacred Fountain provided water believed to have had healing power. Sleeping (incubation) rooms were used to make the patients sleep and analyze their dreams. The Tunnel is a vaulted subterranean passageway. It is 262 ft long. Under the floor ran water which provided relaxing sounds. On the ceiling there are 12 windows to provide sunlight inside the tunnel. The purpose of the tunnel is to make a treatment with the sound of water and provide a cool place for the patients in the hot summer months. Before patients enter to this tunnel, they drank a sedative and slept here in the dormitories while non poisonous snakes crawl among them all night. They were told that the serpent god, Asclepius will talk to them in their dreams and give them a diagnosis. It was believed that the snakes carried the healing power of Asclepius. If a snake wanders on you while you are sleeping, that was a divine sign that the healing power was coming to you. Once patients woke up, they told their dreams to the priests who prescribed their treatments. Finally, the patients made sculptures of the body parts that needed healing and offered them to Asclepius.

The Round Treatment Center was a two-storied building with six apsidal sections. Today only the lower floor remains. The walls and the floor were covered with marble and the roof was made of wood. Water coming through the tunnel, recesses for washing and the sun-terrace show that this room was also used for the treatment of patients. 

The Temple of Asclepius was erected by the Consul of the time in the 2nd Century AD. A famed ancient medical center built in honor of Asklepios, the god of healing. It was also the world's first psychiatric hospital. The main part of the temple was cylindrical and covered by a dome. The floor and the walls were decorated with marble mosaics. There were many statues of gods and deities related to health including those of Asclepius himself. Hygenia and Telesphoros are also depicted here. Hygenia symbolzing health and Telesphoros curement. Telephoros was child god first discovered in Pergamon, later on worshipped in some ancient sites too. This building can be accepted as one of the earliest structures with a dome in Anatolia.

​The Asklepion gained in prominence under the Romans in the 2nd century AD, but a sacred site existed here as early as the 4th century BC. Many of the treatments employed at Pergamon, in complement with a sacred source of water that was later discovered as having radioactive properties, have been used for centuries and are once again finding modern application.Quite unlike modern hospitals, everybody who was anybody was dying to get in to the Asklepion: patients included Hadrian, Marcus Aurelius, and Caracalla. But then again, the Asklepion was more like a modern spa than a hospital: therapy included mud baths, music concerts, and doses of water from the sacred fountain. Galen, the influential physician and philosopher who was born in Pergamon in 129 AD, trained and then later became an attendant to the gladiators here. Access to the Asklepeion is via the Sacred Way, which at 807m (2,690 ft.) long and colonnaded, originally connected the Asklepeion with the Acropolis. The sacred way becomes the stately Via Tecta near the entrance to the site and leads to a courtyard and fallen Propylaeum, or Monumental Gate. Reachable through an underground tunnel is what is traditionally called the Temple of Telesphorus, which served as both the treatment rooms and the sleeping chambers, an indication that sleep was integral in the actual healing process. At various spots in the center of the complex are a total of three pools and fountains, used for bathing, drinking, and various other forms of treatment. The northern colonnade, with 17 columns still in place, leads from the library to the restored theater, set into the slope of the hill. The theater hosts classical plays during the annual Bergama Festival. The semicircular Roman Theatre flanks the colonnaded promenade on the northwest corner of the site. Hours of therapy also probed the meaning of the previous night's dreams, as patients believed dreams recounted a visit by the god Asklepios, who held the key to curing illness. The treatments included psychotherapy, massage, herbal remedies, mud and bathing treatments, the interpretation of dreams, and the drinking of water. 

There was also an amphitheater close by. Amphi means double, meaning double theater. It is among the two amphitheaers of Asia Minor. Amphitheaters were especially constructed for Gladitioral Games. Some days are Arena was filled with water for naval battle plays. Water is supplied from the pond close by.

When Julius Caesar was about 25 years old, he was sailing to the island of Rhodes, he was captured by Cilician pirates. They demanded 20 talents (520kg) of silver ransom; Caesar laughed and said he was worth 50. While in captivity, he maintained an arrogant calm, he joked with them, wrote poetry, and even promised to crucify them once he was free. After the ransom was paid and he was released, Caesar immediately raised a small naval force in the nearby city of Miletus. He pursued, captured, and executed the same pirates in Pergamon. 

We are happy to offer you an unforgettable travel experience with our Private Pegamon Tours starting from Izmir, Kusadası, Selcuk and Sirince. We also visit Bergama during our 7 Churches Tour  Turkey. As experts in our field, we ensure that every aspect of your journey is meticulously planned and executed with the highest level of professionalism. Immerse yourself in the ancient wonders of Pegamon, discover its rich history and marvel at its architectural marvels. Our personalized tours cater to your unique preferences, allowing you to explore more deeply the intriguing stories of this ancient city. Please feel free to contact us to learn more and embark on a truly extraordinary adventure. We are here to help you design a custom itinerary that suits your specific interests and needs.

Suggested Pergamon Tour Itinerary:
After meeting with your knowledgeable tour guide, embark on a scenic journey to Bergama, also known as Bergama. The highlight of your visit is undoubtedly the awe-inspiring Acropolis, perched atop a hill. From this viewpoint you will be treated to a fascinating panorama of the surrounding landscape. As you explore the ruins of the Acropolis, be sure to marvel at the once-great library famous for housing a staggering 200,000 volumes. Interestingly, these valuable books and scrolls were gifted to Cleopatra by Marcus Antonius as a wedding gift. Another interesting stop on your itinerary is the Altar of Zeus, intriguingly mentioned in the Book of Revelation as "Throne of Satan". Next, head towards Trajan's Temple, a monumental structure that has been partially restored, offering a glimpse of its former glory. But the wonders of Bergama do not end there; The famous Temple of Asklepios is waiting for you. This sacred site once housed a revitalizing fountain that provided solace to those seeking healing. According to legend, Asclepius granted them visions that revealed the path to healing. Finally, your journey ends when you return to your hotel after a delicious lunch at a local restaurant, touring the picturesque countryside along the way.

We organize Private Ephesus Tours from Izmir airport. Travelers who stay in Istanbul can make a day trip to Ephesus. The closest airport to Ephesus is Izmir Airport which is 45 minutes drive to the ancient city of Ephesus. Flight from Istanbul to Izmir Airport takes approximately 1 hour..

We provide exclusive Private Ephesus Tours including pick up and drop off from/to Izmir Airport and Izmir Airport Hotels.

​For travelers who will be flying from Istanbul we recommend the following flights: 
​* Please note that there two airports located in Istanbul. Istanbul Airport (IST) and Istanbul Sabiha Gokcen Airport (SAW). Istanbul Airport is located in the European side and Sabiha Gokcen is located in the Asian Side of Istanbul.  

​Airlines flying to Izmir Airport from Istanbul Airports:

• Pegasus : http://www.flypgs.com/
• Turkish Airlines : https://www.turkishairlines.com/​

​* Generally a private tour of Ephesus takes approximately 8 hours. Therefore we recommned our guests to book 8am flight from Istanbul to Izmir and 6pm flight from Izmir to Istanbul. We recommend to book the below flights:

There is also an airport in Selcuk. Ephesus Airport in Selcuk is under the management and supervision of the Turkish Aeronautical Association. Strategically located near the renowned ancient city of Ephesus, this airport caters to various aviation activities such as ultralight flights, parachute jumps, as well as private and commercial flight training. It is important to note that Ephesus Airport does not operate scheduled flights; instead, it exclusively welcomes private jets for landings. 

Exploring Ephesus independently is indeed possible, offering more flexibility and freedom to wander at your own pace. However, to delve deeper into the historical significance of this remarkable site, a guided tour in Ephesus can elevate your experience. By engaging with one of our knowledgeable Ephesus tour guides, you can gain insights and a deeper understanding of the events that unfolded in this ancient city. Immerse yourself in the rich history as you visit the ruins.  Enriching your travel experience and leaving you with a newfound appreciation for the significance of Ephesus.

Izmir Airport Hotels Booking.com links:
Orty Airport Hotel
Tav Airport Hotel Izmir
​DoubleTree By Hilton Izmir Airport

​Below please find suggested programs for Ephesus tours from Izmir Airport and Izmir Airport Hotels:

​IZMIR No. 2
Ephesus full day tour from Izmir Airport
Temple of Artemis, Ephesus Ancient City, Ephesus Experience Museum, Traditional Turkish Lunch (7 hours)
Boarding your vehicle at Izmir Airport. Start your journey from Izmir Airport to Ephesus. Drive south to Selcuk Town. En-route see the cotton fields, vineyards and pine woods while driving along the blue Aegean shores. Your first stop will be the Temple of Artemis, one of the 7 wonders of ancient world. Continue to Ephesus where you start at the Upper Gate and  walk downhill through the city. Your tour guide will point out the sights, bringing  the history of Ephesus to life as you pause at the Odeon, Upper Agora, Town Hall, Fountain of Trajan, Temple of Hadrian and Domitianus, Memmius Memorial,  Roman Baths and extraordinary Library of Celsus. At the end of a marble street leading from the library, gaze up at the impressive theater, built to seat 25.000 people. Before concluding your visit to Ephesus, make sure to stop by the Ephesus Experience Museum to immerse yourself in an 18-minute audio-visual show that showcases the wonders of Ephesus. The museum's carefully curated exhibition provides a unique and insightful journey into the history and culture of this ancient city, allowing visitors to deepen their understanding of this remarkable archaeological site. By attending the audio-visual show, you will not only be entertained but also enriched with fascinating facts and visuals that bring the rich heritage of Ephesus to life in a professional and engaging manner. Enjoy a lunch in the grounds of a country house. Here you will see a private demonstration of the traditional  carpet making process from dying to spinning to weawing at a school where young  girls are trained in the craft.  Afterwards drive back to Izmir airport. 

IZMIR No.3
Ephesus Biblical tour from Izmir Airport
Full Day tour of Ephesus, House of Mary & Basilica of St. John (8 hours) 
Biblical sites, including  Mary's last-known dwelling place, the ancient city of Ephesus and a relaxing  luncheon are featured in this fascinating, full-day excursion. As your vehicle  makes its way along the Aegean Coast, you will pass some of the regions fertile lands. As you reach the silted valley, time seems to come to a halt and then reverse. After a steep drive up Mt. Pagus, you will arrive at a stone chapel.  This converted house probably dates from the 1st century and was envisioned by a  German nun as the site where the Virgin Mary spent her last days. Continuing to Ephesus, leave your coach at the parking area and proceed on foot through  Magnesia Gate. As you stroll along the old marble streets, you will pass the  Odeon and Upper Agora. You will also see the ornate Hadrian Temple, the remains of some Terrace houses, the beautifully restored facade of the Celsus Library, the Roman Baths of Scholastica, the Commercial Agora and the theater, which accommodates 25,000  spectators and is still used for occasional performances. After your visit to Ephesus, re-board your vehicle for an ejoyable lunch.  Afterwards enjoy a presentation about Turkish weavings , see the girls at the looms  knotting carpets and kilims. Learn about the natural dyes and learn the  differences between Silk , flosh , wool and cotton weavings for handmade rugs.  The proprietors will give a fascinating demonstration of the local traditional  crafts. Next is the Basilica of St. John, one of the seven churches of Asia  Minor, is your final stop before your return to Izmir Airport.  

IZMIR No.4
Ephesus and Sirince Village Tour from Izmir Airport (8 hours)
Meet with your guide in front of the Izmir airport passenger terminal. Depart the pier for the an hour drive to the magnificent site of Ephesus. Ephesus is the best preserved of the Greek/Roman cities in Anatolia and  while you are visiting the ancient ruins of this magnificent site and your tour guide  will bring them alive. You will see the beautiful Celsus Library, restored and  reconstructed according to its original form by the architect  Friedmund Hueber  in the 1970's. The most spectacular building of Ephesus is the Grand Theater,  built during the Hellenistic age to hold 25,000 spectators.  Before concluding your visit to Ephesus, make sure to stop by the Ephesus Experience Museum to immerse yourself in an 18-minute audio-visual show that showcases the wonders of Ephesus.  After a visit to Ephesus Antique  Site, you will arrive at Sirince Village. This old Orthodox Village, 30 km from Kusadasi, was once "Cirkince"(ugly). Indeed its inhabitants gave this name on  the purpose as they did not want to be bothered by foreigners nor to share the  beauty of their village. Still after years, visitors understood that the village  was not ugly and called it "Sirince" (pretty). Today the village is a perfect synthesis of Turkish-Greek culture as of the 1920's; after the Turkish  Independence War, people exchange between Greek and Turks has occurred and all  those typical Greek houses, though they kept their original outside  characteristics, have received the local layout inside. At Sirince Village you  will have chance of seeing the local life at a village and purchasing some small  local souvenirs and handicrafts. The village is also famous for its local grape  and other fruit wines. During the lunch, mingle with the local people of the  village. Have a cup of traditional Turkish coffee at the main coffee house of  the village. 

Private Ephesus tour from Izmir airport price : 245 Euros (Total to be paid up to 6 people)

* Above rate is NOT a per person price. It is total to be paid 1-6 people.
* On certain dates we offer %20 discount. Discounted Ephesus Tour Dates
* For groups, more than 6 people, please contact us.

Rates Cover:

• Services of an excellent English speaking tour Guide 
• A/C Mercedes MPV
• All transportation costs.
• Tax, service charges.
• Pick up and drop off from/to Izmir Airport.
• Traditional Turkish Lunch 

Rates Do Not Cover:

• Entrance fees to the sites.
• Drinks during lunch​

* There is no admission fee for children under 8 years old. For the proof of age, please bring passport copies with you.

​* There is no prepayment required for the reservation. To avoid disappointment, we recommend making your private tour reservation at earliest possible.

Payment Terms:
Payment can be made in Euros, Turkish Liras, British Pounds and US Dollars cash at the end of the tour. There is no prepayment required for the booking.

Cancellation Policy
You can cancel a tour 72 hours in advance of your tour departure without any charges. If you would like to cancel a tour, simply send us an email and we will  be happy to assist you. Once you are within the 24 hour tour departure window,  the tour becomes non-refundable. This is because our guide and vehicle have set  aside space to accommodate your request and will often not be able to  fill that  space with another customer so close to departure. Forcruise passengers, there is no cancellation fee if your ship does not call to the port in any reason.
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* For private tour booking, Kindly advise us the following:

1. Full names of all the members of your group.
2. Number of people in your group.
3. Date of Arrival 
4. Arrival and departure flight details.​
5. Tour code or name of the sites you would like to visit.
6. WhatsApp or phone number (while travelling).

To book an Ephesus Tour from Izmir Airport and for more information please contact us.

If you are looking for a tour that combines ancient history with biblical significance, the Ephesus Biblical Tour is for you! This fascinating tour will take you to the places that are mentioned in Chapter 19 of the Book of Acts. From the stunning Temple of Artemis to the impressive Grand Theater of Ephesus, you will walk in the footsteps of St. Paul, St. John and Virgin Mary. You will witness the rich religious and cultural heritage that Ephesus offers. An expert Ephesus guide will inform you with fascinating stories, bring scripture to life, and provide context to the biblical narrative. So, get ready for a journey of discovery and enlightenment as you embark on this unforgettable tour of Biblical Ephesus!

What happened in Ephesus in the Bible?
Ephesus was an important city in the early Christian period. Ephesus is located in modern-day Turkey. It  was a wealthy commercial city and was famous for its Temple of Artemis. The city was the capital of the Asia Province of the Roman Empire and a center of trade and worship that attracted many people from different cultures and faiths. Ephesus is mentioned in the Chapter 19 of the Book of Acts. St. Paul spent 2.5 years establishing a Christian community in Ephesus. But Paul's teachings about Christ concerned the merchants in the Temple of Artemis. In 56 AD, a riot was started in the Ephesus Grand Theater by local silversmith Demetrius.
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For the faithful travelers who are interested to know the biblical history of Ephesus, we offer private Full Day Biblical Ephesus Tours with expert local tour guides.​ Ephesus has a major importance in biblical history. Numerous names mentioned in the New Testament lived in Ephesus such as: St. Paul, St. John, Timothy, Epaphras, Demetrius the silversmith, possibly Virgin Mary... and many more.

During the tour you will be taken to the Biblical Highlights of the area such as Ancient City of Ephesus, The Grand Theater of Ephesus, Basilica of St. John, Temple of Artemis, Church of Mary in Ephesus ...

We offer Private Full Day Biblical Ephesus Tours from

• Kusadasi Port 
• Kusadasi Hotels
• Selcuk Hotels
• Selcuk Train Station
• Izmir Port
• Izmir Hotels​
• Izmir Airport

After reaching Selcuk. Embark on a captivating journey through the Biblical Ephesus Tour starting at the Basilica of St. John with your expert tour guide. Discover the intriguing remnants of the church constructed on the tomb of John the Apostle, offering a profound insight into the historical and religious significance of the site. As you gaze upon the scenic hill, behold the ancient remains of the Temple of Artemis and the early settlement locations of Ephesus, providing a unique perspective on the rich history and cultural heritage preserved in this remarkable destination. Immerse yourself in the depths of history as you uncover the secrets hidden within these ancient sites, making your tour an enlightening and memorable experience. Afterwards, you will continue on to visit ancient city of Ephesus, one of the most magnificent and best-preserved ancient sites in the world. See the Odeon, the Market Basilica, Curetes Street, Bath, Celsus Library, Marble Street and visit the Great Theater  of Ephesus where a mentioned in Acts Chapter 19 where a riot started against St. Paul by the merchants of Ephesus. The Grand Theater of Ephesus had a seating capacity of 25,000 people.
Stop at Ephesus Experience Museum that offers an enriching 18-minute audiovisual show that allows visitors to immerse themselves in the historical beauty of Ephesus. This experience provides a captivating glimpse into what the ancient city once looked like, bringing its rich history and grandeur to life through a combination of visuals and sounds. The final destination on the tour is the
 the house where Mother Mary is traditionally believed to have spent her final years. This site holds significant spiritual importance, especially for devoted Catholics who revere Mother Mary as a central figure in their faith. Experience the richness of Turkish culture by savoring a traditional lunch amidst the serene surroundings of a country house. Following lunch, immerse yourself with local handicrafts, witnessing skilled artisans crafting intricate pieces that showcase the beauty and artistry of Turkish tradition. 

​Here’s why a private tour is the perfect choice for your day in Kusadasi and what you can expect.

​When you're on a tight cruise schedule, every minute in port counts. Private tours are specifically designed with cruise passengers in mind, offering flexibility, personalized attention, and a guaranteed on-time return to your ship.

• Customized Itinerary: Unlike large group bus tours, a private tour can be tailored to your interests and pace. Want to spend more time at the Library of Celsus or the Terrace Houses? A private guide will accommodate your wishes. They can also add or remove sites from the itinerary, such as a visit to the House of the Virgin Mary or the Temple of Artemis.
  
  
• Personalized Experience: You won't be sharing your guide and air-conditioned vehicle with dozens of other people.6 This means you can ask as many questions as you like and receive in-depth, one-on-one commentary that brings the history of Ephesus to life.
  
  
• Skip the Lines: Your guide will have priorities to obtain the tickets, allowing you to bypass the long queues at the Ephesus entrance, saving you valuable time to explore the site itself.


• Flexible Timing: Local tour companies are experts at coordinating with cruise schedules. They will meet you directly at the Kusadasi Cruise Port and ensure you return well before the Carnival Miracle's departure time, eliminating any worries about missing your sailing.They can even suggest the best meeting time to beat the crowds and the midday heat.​

​A private tour can cover all the key highlights of the Ephesus area, ensuring you get a comprehensive experience. A typical itinerary for cruise passengers includes:

• The Ancient City of Ephesus: Walk down the marble streets of this remarkably preserved Roman city.13 Marvel at the stunning two-story façade of the Library of Celsus, picture gladiatorial contests in the Great Theater where St. Paul once preached, and see the intricate carvings of the Temple of Hadrian and the Fountain of Trajan.
  
  
• The House of the Virgin Mary: A short drive from Ephesus, this serene site is believed by many to be the house where the Virgin Mary spent her final days. It's a significant pilgrimage site for both Christians and Muslims.
  
  
• The Temple of Artemis: Although only one column remains of this Wonder of the Ancient World, your guide will bring its colossal scale to life with vivid descriptions and historical context.

 

• The Terrace Houses: This optional but highly recommended add-on gives you a glimpse into the daily lives of the city's wealthy elite.16 The reconstructed Roman villas feature stunning mosaics, frescoes, and even ancient plumbing systems.17
  

When considering the reputation of a tour company like "Ephesus Travel Guide," it's helpful to look at multiple sources, especially third-party review sites. Based on the available information from search results, here's a breakdown of what makes them reputable:

• Positive Customer Reviews: Customers frequently praise their guides for being knowledgeable, friendly, and accommodating. They often highlight the personalized experience of a private tour as a significant advantage over large cruise ship excursions.
  
• Customization and Flexibility: A recurring theme in reviews is the company's willingness to customize itineraries. Guests appreciate being able to choose what they want to see, spend more time at specific sites (like the Terrace Houses). 
  
• Professionalism and Reliability: Reviews mention prompt and clear communication from the booking stage. They are noted for meeting guests on time at the cruise port, providing comfortable and clean vehicles (often Mercedes vans), and ensuring a timely return to the ship.
  
• Experienced and Licensed Guides: Many reviews specifically name their guides and commend them for their deep knowledge of history, archaeology, and local culture. The search results also mention that guides in Turkey must be licensed by the government, which adds a layer of professional credibility.
  
• Official Credentials: "Ephesus Travel Guide" by TransBalkan Tours is a fully licensed tour operator and a member of TURSAB (Association of Turkish Travel Agencies). This official membership indicates that they operate within the regulatory framework of the Turkish tourism industry, providing an extra assurance of legitimacy and reliability.
  

"Ephesus Travel Guide" is highly reputable, offering a professional, personalized, and well-regarded alternative to cruise line excursions. Their strong online presence and positive customer feedback are key indicators of their reliability and the quality of the tours they provide.

Booking a private tour is easy and can be done in advance. Ephesus Travel Guide specialize in tours for cruise ship passengers. We offer transparent pricing, often based on group size, and flexible booking policies with free cancellation up to 72 hours in advance. You can reserve your spot without any upfront payment, securing your plans with peace of mind. By choosing a private Ephesus tour, Carnival Miracle passengers can transform their day in Kusadasi into a deeply personal and unforgettable journey through ancient history. ​Contact us.

Royal Caribbean Cruise Line has announced an impressive itinerary for 2025, with 47 port of calls scheduled to Kusadasi cruise port during their Eastern Mediterranean cruises. Kusadasi is set to become a highlight destination for travelers seeking a blend of culture and relaxation. Travelers can look forward to embarking on unforgettable journeys and creating lasting memories aboard Royal Caribbean Cruise Line ships as they explore the beauty and charm of Ephesus Ancient CIty and its surroundings.
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Odyssey of the Seas of Royal Caribbean Cruise Line will have several port calls to Kusadasi Port in 2026. During the 12 Night Greece, Turkey, Israel Cruise with Overnight In Athens and 7 Night Greek Isles Cruise, Odyssey of the Seas will be calling to Kusadasi Port. Kusadasi is the gateway to the famous archaeological site of Ephesus.

We are proud to announce that we provide exclusive private Ephesus shore excursions for Royal Caribbean passengers from Kusadasi Port. Our tours are better value than Royal Caribbean Ephesus Shore Excursions. All of our private tours are guided by local licensed tour guides. There is no prepayment required to book a private Ephesus shore excursion. You can book your shore excursion by filling us a the contact form or sending us a WhatsApp message. By booking your private Ephesus shore excursion with us. You will avoid waiting in the lines and make the most out of your visit with 5-Star Ephesus Shore Excursions. Let’s discover together the Top Highlights of Ephesus.. A guided tour will make your visit alive in order to appreciate the best experience of Ephesus. ​

Royal Caribbean Cruise Line's ships regularly dock at Kusadasi Cruise Port, providing passengers with convenient access to the fascinating Ephesus Ancient City. With Royal Caribbean's docking location at Kusadasi, travelers can easily explore Ephesus and create unforgettable memories of their cruise experience.
How far is the cruise port in Kusadasi from Ephesus?
The direct drive from Kusadasi port to Ephesus is 12 miles (18 km) and should have a drive time of 25 minutes.  There is almost never any major traffic.
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How much is a taxi from Kusadasi to Ephesus?

For more information and recommended tour programs contact us or visit:
​Ephesus Tour from Kusadasi Port

In 2026, Princess Cruises' itinerary includes 10 scheduled calls to Kusadasi, with Sun Princess, Majestic Princess and Island Princess being the featured ships. Situated as the gateway to the Ephesus Ancient City, Kusadasi Port boasts a rich historical significance and serves as a pivotal point for cruise travelers exploring the region.
We offer Ephesus excursions for Sun Princess, Majestic Princess and Island Princess passengers with licensed local tour guides. Don't overpay the Princess Cruises Tours. Explore the ruins of Ephesus on a trip to one of Turkey's most famous ancient destinations at your own pace. Make the most of your trip. Explore the ancient city of Ephesus and discover the rich Greek and Roman history and culture of this ancient city. See the most popular landmarks in Ephesus as you are guided through the historical Ephesus.​ We offer higher quality Ephesus shore excursions at significantly lower prices than the Princess Shore Excursions.

The distance between Kusadasi Cruise Port and Ephesus spans approximately 18 kilometers or 12 miles, with an estimated driving time of around 25 minutes. This route offers a relatively swift and convenient journey for tourists and travelers seeking to explore the historical wonders of Ephesus from the cruise port. 

For private tour options, please visit: Ephesus Tours from Kusadasi Cruise Port.

For more information, please contact us.

Ozdere is located at the picturesque western part of Turkey, Ozdere is a quaint resort town that captivates visitors with its tranquil charm and scenic beaches. Situated approximately 30 kilometers away from the ancient city of Ephesus. It takes approxmatley 3O minutes by car to reach Ephesus from Ozdere. Ozdere's convenient proximity to Ephesus makes it an ideal destination for travelers looking to enjoy themselves in beautiful Aegean Region of Turkey and the rich cultural heritage of Roman Empire.

If you are seeking an exceptional Ephesus tour from Ozdere, a private tour may be the perfect choice for you. Our tours are fully customizable to meet your preferences, offering you the opportunity to explore Ephesus. With knowledgeable tour guides and luxurious vehicles at your disposal, you can discover every corner of this historical site.

Ephesus Travel Guide team of Tour Guides take pride in sharing insights on Turkish culture, history, and archaeology, ensuring that your private tour is not only informative but also truly memorable and enjoyable. Our goal is to plan Ephesus tours that provide you with a comfortable and personalized adventure in Ephesus.

With a professional and knowledgeable team of guides, we ensure a seamless and unforgettable journey through this ancient city. Whether you’re fascinated by archaeological sites, historical landmarks, or local cuisine, our private tours cater to your specific interests and preferences. Choose us for a premium and personalized experience that will leave you with lasting memories of your time in Ephesus.

We are pleased to provide exclusive Ephesus tours starting from select Ozdere hotels:

• Aria Claros Beach & Spa Resort
• Paloma Pasha
• Club Marvy
• Sunis Efes Royal Palace Resort

For more details, do not hesitate to reach out to us today for a tailored experience.

​When visiting a historical site like Ephesus, having a private tour allows you to customize your experience. You can tailor the itinerary to suit your interests, spend more time at the attractions that captivate you, and skip the ones that don't. With a private tour, you also have the flexibility to go at your own pace, ask your guide as many questions as you like, and enjoy a more personalized experience overall.

​Our tour guides are passionate about history, knowledgeable about the archaeological sites, and dedicated to providing you with a memorable experience. They are experts in their field, with in-depth knowledge of Ephesus and its significance in ancient times. With their expertise, you will gain a deeper understanding of the historical importance of Ephesus, its architectural marvels, and the daily life of its inhabitants.

​When booking a private tour with us, you can trust that you will receive top-notch service from start to finish. Our guides are friendly, professional, and committed to ensuring that you have a fantastic experience exploring Ephesus. With their guidance, you will discover hidden gems, learn intriguing facts, and create lasting memories of your time in Ephesus.

With the convenience of being picked up from your hotel in Urla, you can relax and enjoy the journey to Ephesus without worrying about transportation or logistics. Our tour guides will take care of everything, allowing you to focus on immersing yourself in the rich history and fascinating culture of this ancient city.

Booking private Ephesus tours from Urla hotels with expert tour guides is the perfect way to enhance your travel experience. With a private tour, you can personalize your itinerary, benefit from the expertise of our guides, and trust us to provide you with an unforgettable experience. So why wait? Book your private tour today and embark on a journey back in time to explore the wonders of Ephesus!

Aphrodisias was the most famous ancient city that was named after the Goddess Aphrodite. The ancient city of Aphrodisias is one of the most important archaeological sites of modern Turkey. Discover the famous UNESCO world heritage sites of Turkey with a licensed knowledgeable tour guide. We offer Private Aprhodisias Tours from Kusadasi, Selcuk, Sirince Hotels and Kusadasi Port. Aphrodisias, is one of the top archaeological attractions of Western Turkey. You will be enchanted by the beauty of Aphrodisias.

Aphrodisias is located in southwestern Turkey, in the province of Aydin. It takes approximately 2.5 hours drive from Kusadasi to Aphrodisias. The distance between Kusadasi and Aphrodisias is 155km. There is no direct transportation from Kusadasi to Aphrodisias.

Aphrodisias History
Aphrodisias was a small Greek city in the province of Caria. The current ancient city is located nearby the village of Geyre. It takes approx. 2.5 hours drive (140 miles) from Kusadasi to reach Aphrodisias. Aphrodisias, unlike Ephesus has never been a port city. The city is 62 miles inland from the coast. Aphrodisias is 2000 feet above sea level and located by the 8000 feet mountain called Babadag (known as Salbakos in the ancient times). The city before adopting the name ''Aphrodisias'', it was named as Lelegeopolis, Megapolis and Ninoi. The name "Ninoi" is given by the Asyrians who settled this area. Ninoi is also the name of a city located in Asyria. Asyrians introduced Ishtar culture to the city. Probably, the words Star and Easter is derived from the goddess Ishtar. Aphrodisias, covers an area of 200 acres and generally is a flat city.

Unlike many other ancient cities in Anatolia, Aphrodisias was discovered by a famous Turkish photographer Mr. Ara Guler in 1958. He was travelling through villages and towns. He was in the village of Geyre and noted a village that has so many ancient remains that the villagers live without knowing their importance. Afterwards Ara Guler was in touch with the Turkish Archaeologist Mr. Kenan Erim from New York University. Excavations began in the 1960s. Kenan Erim devoted his life to excavate this ancient city. Since this city is lately discovered, you do not see any remains from this city in British Museum or any other museums outside Turkey.

Aphrodisias became an artistic center with a famous school of sculpture. The city was also famous with ceremonies made in Aphrodite Temple in the name of Aphrodite. Ruined because of the earthquakes. In the 4th and 7th century. Major earthquakes happened and changed the route of the rivers nearby. The City was under flood due to change of route of water. After 7th century earthquakes, the city lost its importance. In the 6th century. The name of Aphrodisias was changed to Stauroupolis, meaning the city of the Cross, to erase the pagan goddess of love from peoples minds. As the capital of Caria, Aphrodisias was finally called Caria which then became Geyre in Turkish. Later in the 13th century, the city was abandoned.  

Aphrodisias was founded near a marble quarry that was extensively used in the Hellenistic and Roman times. The closest quarry was half a mile away from Aphrodisias. The marble sculptures of Aphrodisias became very famous during the Roman period. Many examples have been excavated in Aphrodisias. The sculptors of Aphrodisias became famous and benefited from a great supply of quality marble nearby. There was a famous school of sculpture here which was very productive. A lot of sculpture can be seen today around the ancient city and in the museum. Many finished and unfinished statues discovered in the area. Unfinished statues prove the existence of a Sculpturing School. Many sarcophagi were excavated at several locations in site, frequently decorated with designs of garland, columns, figures of people, birds and animals. Names of many sculptors from Aphrodisias have been seen in lots of works in Italy, Greece and elsewhere.   

Excavations in the theater hill have revealed layers of settlement going back to the Bronze Age. Aphrodisias was founded in the 5800 BC and flourished under the Roman Empire. First settlers were Carians, Pelasgians and Lelegians. Aphrodisias is mentioned in the 1st century BC by geographer Strabo.

Aphrodisias was named after Aphrodite, the goddess of love. Aphrodite was known to Romans as Venus. The name of the city has the same root as the word "aphrodisiac". Both words derive from the Greek name Aphrodite, the goddess of love, Aphrodisias was one of several ancient cities dedicated to the goddess of love. Within the borders of Caria, during the Roman period, following the assassination of Julius Caesar in 44 BC. The assassins, Brutus and Cassius fled to Asia Minor where they invaded many cities. Aphrodisias, remained loyal to Caesar. There is evidence that the city was attacked by the supporters of Cassius and Brutus. The main reason, keeping the city loyal to Caesar is because of Zoilos, the former slave of Caesar who was freed by Octavian. Mark Antony recognized the autonomy of Aphrodisias in the 1st century BC.   
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Fame of Aphrodisias is not only limited to arts. It also had a number of renowned scholars and writers as well as philosophers, of whom the most notable ones were Xenocrates and Alexander of Aphrodisias. Alexander was a famous philosopher from Aphrodisias. He followed the teachings of Aristotle. Born in Aphrodisias and lived and taught in Athens at the beginning of the 3rd century, where he held a position as head of the Peripatetic school that is founded by Aristotle. He wrote many commentaries on the works of Aristotle (Aristotle, was a Greek philosopher who lived in the 4th century BC. One of the students of Plato and tutor of Alexander the Great.)

Statues were carved from the local white, grayish blue Carian marble, mostly from Babadag (Salbakos), nearby mountain. Sculptors from other areas came to Aphrodisias for annual sculpture competitions. The eyes of the statues found here are full of expression and vitality and the bodies seem capable of moving. The public monuments in Aphrodisias were decorated with "peopled scrolls" which were one of the characteristics of stone carving produced by the school of sculpture in Aphrodisias. Some masterpieces have the signatures of their creators who are especially experts in relief and sarcophagus production. Many sarcophagi were decorated with lively reliefs, symbolizing the desire to deny the emptiness of death and its eternal darkness. These sculptors imposed their creative mastery over iron and marble. Iron tools and instruments were to achieve victory and greatness not only in battle fields but in the field of sculpture as well. Anatolia was in a period when matchless works of sculpture were created. The old traditions of Anatolian sculpture reached a phase of lively fineness and beauty of expression. 

Aphrodisias was a special city and beloved by Augustus. Due to this it was exempted from paying taxes. There could be several reasons for this:

• The connection between the goddess and the imperial house was also a particularly politic one at the time, as the family of Julius Caesar, Octavian Augustus, and their successors claimed divine descent from Venus/Aphrodite. Aphrodite was the mother of Aeneas from Troy. After the Trojan war, Aeneas fled away from Troy. Romans believed that they are descendants of Aeneas and royal Trojans. In Roman inscription Troy is mentioned as Ilius. It is believed that the name Julius is derived from Ilius.
• Zoilos a good friend and a former slave of Augustus was from this city.
• Aphrodisias, was an artisan city. Sculptors from Aphrodisias made statues for emperors and commanders from all over the Roman Empire.

In a letter written by Emperor Augustus to Stephanus (governor of Laodicea), Aphoridisias is privileged:
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With the tax-free status Aphrodisias became a popular pilgrimage destination. Starting from 1st century BC, in Aphrodisias, a long period of prosperity began. The city gained a reputation of being an artistic, cultural center and as well as a center for religious activity. Many important writers and philosophers like Alexander of Aphrodisias lived in this city.

Tetrapylon was a monumental gateway that leaded entrance to the Temple of Aphrodite. The gateway was built in the late 2nd century AD during the reign of Hadrian. It had 4 rows of 4 columns. It is thought to have marked the intersection of a major street with a sacred way heading toward the sanctuary of Aphrodite.

The Temple of Aphrodite was the main attraction of the Ancient City of Aphrodisias. Historians think that before this temple was built here, there was an earlier cult for Mesopotamian goddess Ishtar who is known as goddess of fertility and sex. There were festivals in the name Ishtar at the beginning of spring. These celebrations are made for the arrival of spring in the name of Ishtar. The name Ishtar is also associated with the word Easter. The building was converted into a church during the Byzantine period. From this church, historians mention twenty bishops from Aphrodisias who attended the ecumenical councils in the early times of Christianity. The building was originally designed as an Ionic temple with 40 columns arranged in an 8 by 13 rectangle shape. Once it was converted into a church, the columns at each end were removed, an apse was built in the eastern section, and a baptistery and an atrium were added to the west. On some columns donor names are being noted. Life in the city was concentrated on the Temple of Aphrodite. The cult of Aphrodite was so popular that it took some time before Christianity was fully accepted by Aphrodisians.  The temple was founded here in the 1st century BC with the funding made by Zoilos.

Worship to Aphrodite goes back to 7th century BC to Assyrians who came here from Mesopotamia and settled here and worshiped to a goddess named as Ishtar who is also the goddess of love. The similarities between Aphrodite and Ishtar are generally well-recognized. In Mesopotamian mythology, Ishtar was the principal goddess of the Babylonians and Assyrians. She was both the compassionate mother of all life, who brought fertility and relief from sickness, and the lustful goddess of sexual love and war.  
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Stadium of Aphrodisias, is one of the best preserved stadium in Anatolia with a 30,000 spectator capacity. Originally it had a blind arcade on top of the highest row surrounding all the seats. The stadium was used for gladiatorial fights, chariot races, sporting, musical and dramatic events. The eastern part of the arena was for gladiatorial fights. This is a hybrid structure, a mixture of a Greek stadium and a Roman Arena. Therefore, it was used for sport events, executions and gladiatorial fights. Reserved seat carvings on seats can still be noticed at the seats of the stadium. Women were not attending athletic events since all the men was competing nude. The Stadium was double size of the population of Aphrodisias. Probably, a smaller type of Olympic Games in the name of Aphrodite was held here.

Bouleuterion (senate house), is located at the north side of the North Agora. The original building was vaulted.
Seating capacity is expected to be about 1750. Archaeologists found many unfinished statue pieces and sculpturing tools during the excavations done in the area between Bouleterion and Aphrodite temple. For this reason the place is considered as the famous sculpture school of Aphrodite in archaic ages. The school was actively used from 1st century BC until 6th century AD, Some historians believe that there were some sculpturing artists moved to the city from Pergamon after the death of Attalus 3rd who inherited his empire and treasure to the Roman Empire in the second century BC. The artists who were left without work moved to Aphrodisias. The reputation of the artists of Aphrodisias was beyond Anatolia and Rome.

Baths of Hadrian were built under Hadrian in the 2C AD. Hadrian visited the city of Aphrodisias and these roman baths were constructed in the memory of his visit. There were two pairs of large rooms on either side of a huge central hall called the caldarium.  Total 4 sections as Apodyterium (Chaging rooms), Fridgiderium (Cold Rooms), Tepiderium (Luke warm/tepid room) and Caldarium (Hot/Steam Room). 

During the excavations in the villa of Hadrian in Tivoli, Italy. Archeologists discovered many statues made in Aphrodisas.

South Agora also known as the Portico of Tiberius, had an Ionic colonnade which has partially been restored, was started during the reign of Tiberius, 1st century AD. The central area of the portico is occupied by a huge basin or pool, with two semicircular extremities at the north and east ends. The portico may well have been a gymnasium or a palaestra with an exercise area between the colonnade and the pool.

North Agora, was mainly used for commercial reasons. This was the marketplace. In the middle of North Agora. The Monumental Tomb of Zoilos was located.

Theater was built in the late Hellenistic period and later restored in the 1st century BC, and according to its inscription it was dedicated to Aphrodite and the people of the city by Gaius Julius Zoilos, a former slave of Gaius Julius Caesar and later on inherited to Octavian. Octavian gave freedom to Zoilos.  The seating capacity was 8,000. The stage building consisted of six vaulted dressing or storage rooms out of which four opened into the corridor behind the proskene. The stage building wall in the north parados had Greek inscriptions of important documents related to the history of the city such as letters of emperors to the city or senatorial decrees. The orchestra and the stage building were restored in the 2nd century AD in order to make the building more suitable for animal or gladiatorial fights. The theater was seriously damaged in the 7th century, and the Byzantines built houses on top of the cavea and converted the hill into a fortress by circling it with walls and towers. In the excavations an inscription is found saying that Julius Galius Caesar gifted a Golden Eros statue to Aphrodite. The statue is later stolen from the city and taken to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus. From the inscription it is thought that Caesar was in the city of Aphrodisias. The levelled seat rows show that there were gladiatorial games played in the theater.

Tetrastoon, originally surrounded by four (tetra) colonnades on all sides with a round fountain in the center, had several functions in the Roman and Byzantine city. First it was a meeting place for the citizens and also by having surrounding small shops served as a marketplace. Finally, it gave access to the theater. To the south of the tetrastoon was the Imperial Hall with theater baths which have not been completely excavated. 

Sebasteion, was a early 1st century AD shrine in which the emperor was worshiped. The building was built after the death of Zoilos in 20 AD, to have good relations with Rome the capital. Sebasteion derived from the Ancient Greek  word "Sebastos", which is the Greek equivalent of "Augustus". The structure had 3 stories. Each story was decorated with three different column orders, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian. The building was first unearthed in 1979 it appeared to have no relation to any other building but, as excavations were carried down to deeper levels, it became apparent that this consisted of a temple dedicated to the cult of the Emperor Augustus (Sebastos is the Greek equivalent of the Latin Augustus). Excavations yielded a quite extraordinary quantity of reliefs and decorative panels. Second story display famous stories from the Greek Mythology. Third story the success stories of Julius Caesar and his dynasty. The most remarkable of these included depictions of the birth of Eros, the Three Graces, Apollo in Delphi, Meleager, Achilles and Penthesilea, Nyssa and the child Dionysus. There are also reliefs of some members of the imperial family and mythological figures. Those identified include Augustus, Germanicus, Lucius, Gaius Caesar, Claudius and Agrippa, together with Prometheus and Aeneas fleeing from Troy. There is also a fascinating group of reliefs symbolizing Claudius's conquest of Britain and Nero's conquest of Armenia. There are also a number of fragments depicting the peoples of the various countries with which Augustus had waged war or formed other types of relationships but these have suffered severe earthquake damage.

The longest Jewish inscription from the Classical world was also discovered by the Archaeolgists in Aphrodisias. The inscription written on a pillar is dating back to 3rd century AD and describing 126 donors. Probably the donors of a synagogue in Aphrodisias. According to the inscription excavated in Aphrodisias we know there was major Jewish community living in the city and descriptions of the synagogue. In the inscriptions names of the Jews, the people who have sympathy to Jews and their occupations were noted. 54 of the donors were named as Theosebeis. People who had sympathy to Jews were named as 'Theosebeis' meaning Godfearers. Theosebeis people were gentiles who had sympathy to Jews and Judaism but did not change their pagan faith.

Aphrodisias was, in ancient terms, a medium-sized town (90 
hectares, with a population of maybe 15,000-20.000 inhabitants), but one
with a typically metropolitan grandeur of architectural design. The 
monuments and marble sculptures show a distinctive period of
 ancient city life. The most prosperous days of Aphrodisias was between 1st century BC and 2nd century AD. The city lost its tax-free status after 3rd century AD due to administrative and political changes.  

​Cost of Private Aphrodisias Tour from Kusadasi:
Mercedes V-Class (1-6 people) + English Speaking Tour Guide: 300 Euro
(For groups over 6 people, please contact us for the cost.)
* Above rate is not a per person rate, it is per group.

Rates Cover:
- Services of an excellent English speaking Guide
-  A/C MPV
- All transportation costs.
- Tax, service charges
- Parking fees

Rates Do Not Cover:
- Entrance to the sites. 

If requested a day tour of Aphrodisias tour can be combined with Pamukkale (Hierapolis).
We offer 2 and 3 days private tours of Ephesus, Aphrodisias, Pamukkale and more:
2 Days Western Turkey Tour - Ephesus, Pamukkale, Aphrodisias...
3 Days West Turkey Tour - Pergamon, Ephesus, Pamukkale, Aphrodisias...
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For more information, please contact us.