We offer exclusive private Ephesus tours for Norwegian Viva passengers. Norwegian Viva will call to the Port of Kusadasi will only stay half day.  We customize private tours of Ephesus depending the port timings of Norwegian Viva at the Port of Kusadasi

Suggested private Ephesus tour programs for Norwegian Viva passengers are as as follows:

KUSADASI - No:1 
Halfday (3.5 hours) Tour of Ephesus,Temple of Artemis
Meet with your Ephesus private guide in front of the Kusadasi port passenger terminal. Drive to the country. See the Temple of Artemis, one of  the wonders of the ancient world. Then a visit to Ephesus is a visit to one of  the best preserved ancient cities in the world. Ancient historians believed that Ephesus was founded by the Amazons, but now, it is believed to have been the Hittite city of Apasas. With your guide, you will see the Odeion, where the  advisory council held its meetings and the Roman Baths, as well as many other columns,  monuments and ruins, including the Celsus  Library and the Grand Theater of Ephesus. En-route to Kusadasi enjoy  the scenery or shopping opportunity. 

KUSADASI - No:2
HalfDay (4.5 hours) Temple of Artemis, Ephesus, House of Mary
After meeting your Ephesus private guide drive through the fertile lands. Your first stop will be the Temple of Artemis, one of the 7 wonders of the ancient world. Afterwards proceed to the mountain where Virgin Mary is believed to spent her 9 years. The house is approximately 1000 feet above sea level and running as an active chapel. Roman Catholics believe that Virgin Mary came to Ephesus with Saint. John 5 years after the crucification. At the age of 63 she is assumed to heaven. Altough there is no fact that Virgin Mary lived here approximately 1.5 million people visit the site each year. After 30 minutes visit to the House of Mary, drive to ancient city of Ephesus. You will be dropped at the upper gate of Ephesus with your Ephesus tour guide. Start your Ephesus Walking Tour, exploring the city. You will be walking down the hill approximately 2.5hrs. You will see the Odeon, the basilica, domitian square, fountain of Trajan, Celcus library, Terrace Houses(optional), Marble street, the Grand Theater of Ephesus and the Harbour Street. You will be endng your tour at the bottom gate. Your driver and Ephesus tour guide will take you to another site or drop you at the desired location.

For private Ephesus Tour costs, please click here.

For more information, please do not hesitate to contact us.     

Norwegian Viva of Norwegian Cruise Lines will be calling to Kusadasi Cruise Port for 2026 season. We have started receiving bookings for private Ephesus Tours from Kusadasi Cruise Port and we have started receiving private Ephesus tour enquiries for the summer season.

We also offer private Ephesus Tours with spanish speaking tour guides for Norwegian Viva passengers.

Ephesus is a must see site with a licensed, informative Ephesus tour guide who will bring the ancient city of Ephesus to life for you.

There are many advantages of booking a private Ephesus Tour with us rather than booking ships tour.

• Guided private Ephesus tours put you in charge. Found something really interesting along the way? Your private Ephesus tour guide can modify the tour to include these sights. You can also ask in advance to have the tour focus on a particular aspect or culture you’d like to learn more about. So we can assign you an expert Ephesus Tour guide. The options are endless.
• You will not be rushed to the next stop before you’ve had a chance to really enjoy that impressive location. Private Ephesus tours offer a laid back setting in which to enjoy just the type of sights you’re interested in, without being rushed.

• You will have personalized attention from your Ephesus tour guide. Private guided Ephesus tours allow you to control the  tour, with personalized attention from your Ephesus tour guide. With a private Ephesus tour you can ask the questions you would most like to have answered.
• The option to enjoy local Turkish specialties wherever you want in local restaurants. With a guided private Ephesus tour, you have the freedom to select where you eat and when.

Considering these benefits, it’s hard to imagine traveling to Ephesus without opting for a guided private tour. For more information, please contact us

 Today at the Port of Kusadasi, we had only 1 cruise ship: Celebrity Infinity of Celebrity Cruises.

​If you're looking to explore the ancient wonders of Ephesus while aboard the Celebrity Infinity, a private Ephesus excursion is an absolute must! This friendly and personalized tour allows you to delve deep into the rich history of this iconic archaeological site. Your Ephesus guide will lead you through the mesmerizing ruins of the Library of Celsus, the ancient amphitheater, and the impressive Temple of Artemis, while sharing captivating stories and interesting facts along the way. With a private excursion, you'll have the flexibility to customize your itinerary and spend as much time as you'd like uncovering the mysteries of this enchanting UNESCO World Heritage site. Whether you're a history buff or simply in awe of ancient civilizations, a private Ephesus excursion from the Celebrity Infinity promises an unforgettable and enriching experience, with friendly guides who are passionate about bringing the past to life.

We had 3 private tour groups who booked private tours of Ephesus. 2 of the private groups were from Spain. We assigned them Spanish speaking tour guides for private tour of Ephesus in Spanish .
I guided a group of 6 guests with whom I did a tour of Temple of Artemis, House of Virgin Mary and Ephesus Ancient City.

For more information about our private tours of Ephesus from Kusadasi Port, please visit:
Ephesus Tour from Kusadasi Port or contact us.

If you're planning a trip to Ephesus, you may wonder who the best tour guide would be to enhance your experience. Booking a knowledgeable and experienced tour guide can make all the difference in understanding the historical importance and significance of Ephesus ancient city. Let's explore the qualities and expertise you should look for in a tour guide to ensure you have an unforgettable and informative visit to Ephesus.

When searching for the best tour guide for Ephesus, it's important to consider their experience, expertise, authority, and trustworthiness. A great tour guide should possess an in-depth understanding of the history, culture, and archaeological significance of Ephesus. They should also be able to share this knowledge in an engaging and accessible way, catering to the interests and needs of their audience.

The best tour guide for Ephesus should have a wealth of experience in guiding visitors through this ancient city. They should have extensive knowledge of the site's history, architectural wonders, and excavation discoveries. Ideally, they should be able to provide detailed explanations of the significance of each site, such as the Library of Celsus, the Temple of Artemis, and the Grand Theater of Ephesus.
With their expertise, a knowledgeable tour guide can bring ancient Ephesus to life by weaving in captivating anecdotes and historical context. As you explore the ruins and walk in the footsteps of the ancient Romans, a skilled guide can transport you back in time, enabling you to truly appreciate the grandeur and magnificence of this once-thriving city.

To ensure a reliable and authentic experience, it's crucial to choose a tour guide who is recognized for their authority and trustworthiness. Look for tour guides who are affiliated with reputable tour companies or organizations. These guides are often vetted for their knowledge and adherence to ethical standards.
Additionally, reading reviews and testimonials from previous visitors can provide valuable insights into the reputation and reliability of a tour guide. Hearing firsthand accounts of others' experiences can help you determine if a particular guide is the right fit for your needs.

When it comes to exploring Ephesus, one notable tour guide who stands out is Denizhan Pekoz. With over 20 years of experience as a licensed tour guide, Denizhan has gained a reputation for his outstanding knowledge and passion for the Ephesus ancient city.

As a seasoned expert, Denizhan's tours are infused with captivating stories and historical facts that make each visit to Ephesus truly unforgettable. His enthusiastic and engaging approach ensures that visitors of all ages and backgrounds can appreciate and absorb the rich history surrounding them.

During Denizhan's tours, visitors can expect a comprehensive exploration of Ephesus's most iconic landmarks, as well as hidden gems off the beaten path. Denizhan's deep understanding of the city's history allows him to provide detailed explanations of each site, contextualizing them within the larger historical narrative. With him as your tour guide, you'll gain a deeper understanding of the significance of each artifact and structure, leaving you with a profound appreciation for ancient Ephesus.
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Selecting the best tour guide for Ephesus can greatly enhance your visit to this extraordinary ancient city. Look for experienced tour guides who possess deep knowledge and expertise in Ephesus's history, culture, and archaeology. Ensure that they are trusted and recognized authorities in their field. Denizhan is the ideal choice to lead you through the wonders of Ephesus and make your visit truly unforgettable. 

Denizhan Pekoz offers private Ephesus Tours from Kusadasi Port, Izmir Port, Kusadasi, Izmir, Selcuk Alacati, Sirince, Izmir Hotels and Izmir Airport. 
For more information and availability please contact us.

* Ephesus Travel Guide only promotes best tour guides in Ephesus with a professional tour guide license, ensuring you have the best possible private tour experience.

“Kusadasi Private tour”
​We decided to go with a private tour of Kusadasi instead of the very expensive cruise tours, I researched on tripadvisor and decided to go with Denizhan after reading all the great reviews.
Our experience with him was fantastic, he replied to my email right away and confirmed the tour, he was waiting for us at the port although we were about 20 minutes late getting out of the ship. He first took us to the temple of Armetis, his knowledge of the area was amazing, he also took us to the House of Mary and then we had a fabulous lunch since my kids were hungry, he was very flexible on the tour and he accomodated all our requests, Ephesus was mindblowing and the time and patience he had with us was really appreciated. I recommend Denizhans tour with a 5 star. A very enjoyable and unforgettable port call.

“A comprehensive day in Ephesus”
Denizkhan was the best tour guide I have come across, and I do travel quite a bit. He was well ahead of time waiting for us at our hotel. He clearly has a lot of passion and knowledge in the area around Ephesus and was full of historical facts but also helping us gain a broader understanding of modern day history. On request he also took us to some of the best local pottery and leather handicraft stores. We thoroughly enjoyed our time with him. He also dropped us off at the Izmir airport at the end of the day. Have made a connection for life, would visit again in a heartbeat.

“So knowledgeable and helpful!”
Reviewed 4 weeks agoDenizhan knows it all! His comprehensive knowledge of Ephesus painted for us a most vivid picture of what life was like in a thriving metropolis and trade center 2000 years ago. And he was extremely helpful in addressing some personal matters for us. We could not recommend more highly!

“Great Tour of Ephesus with Denizhan”
We loved spending the day in Ephesus with Denizhan. He and his driver were waiting with a friendly smile when we arrived at the cruise terminal. We were a group of four. We all love history and wanted to learn all we could about the Biblical history of the area. Denizhan was perfect for us. He knew more than we could ever know about the history of the area but was able to explain it in an interesting way. He knew and understood the Biblical text and explained it in a way that made the area come to life. He was also honest and realistic when authorities had different opinions or when they were not sure about what happened at a site. He kept us moving and ahead of the crowds---but not rushed. The lunch of typical Turkish food out under big trees was a highlight of our whole trip. We enjoyed visiting with Denizhan during lunch about the food and his life in Turkey with his family. He truly loved this country and passed this on to us. We were sad when the tour was over but left with an appreciation of Ephesus and Turkey. People were warm and kind. We hope to visit again some day. If we are anywhere near this area we will get in touch with Denizhan to continue with our tour of Turkey. My husband said this was the best tour he ever took and the rest of us agreed. Thanks for a great day, Denizhan!

“Simply wonderful!!!!”
I am someone who doesn't care much about old stones I never had a history teacher I liked. Now that's sad! But I am learning.!
This tour of Ephesus was amazing. Denizhan Pekoz was our guide and he made it all make sense without being over bearing. The old stones seemed to come alive and I could see how this was once a thriving city. We were not rushed and we did not dilly dally around but went smoothly through the ruins. It seemed as if real people could have e lived there. It was also clear how much work was still to be done and how different it would be if we came back in even 5 years! 
I will never tour again without a private guide. 
It took us about 4 hours including a stop at a wonderful ceramic store and a stop at a magnificent state run school for rug makers. The rugs were shown to us with the greatest care. We would dearly have loved to have bought one but there was no pressure. Traveling as we were we could not do it. The rugs were simply wonderful and we learned a lot about rug making. 
We would like to go back to both places ! and to Ephesus with Denizhan!!

“Private Tour of Ephesus by Trans Balkan tours”
We were a group of 7. We wanted a tour of Ephesus from a Christian perspective. We were picked up at the Cruise Ship dock by Dennis and transported in a brand new looking Mercedes van. Dennis was very knowledgeable of the Biblical text and was careful to differentiate historical truth from speculation or tradition.
We started our tour at St. John's Basilica. Dennis share with us information about the area as well as Christian history. We stopped at a pottery shop on the way to the ruins of Ephesus. While in Ephesus we were wowed by the stories of St. Paul who lived there for 2 1/2 years. Dennis truly knows the Biblical Text. Even for the benefit of non-believers, the ruins are a sight to behold. We also went to the possible home of Mary, mother of Jesus. A somber experience. Then we had a traditional Turkish lunch and a tour of a Turkish carpet facility. The food was wonderful and all part of our tour package price. You will pay for St John's, Ephesus, and Mary's home on your own. Also you will pay for parking. The price for seven of us was around $170 total. Not including tip and admission fees.
Far less than one of those Cruise Ship Excursions would cost. We did far more for far less money than the Cruise ship charges. And we rode in comfort with just our small group and were treated quite well.
One small complaint I would have is that when you stop at the pottery shop and carpet shop, there is a little pressure to purchase something from the shop. Dennis told us not to feel pressured, but I felt pressured. It's just something other travelers should be aware of.
For the record, we felt totally safe on this tour.

Most linguists believe Pergamon comes from a pre-Greek (Anatolian) word meaning something like fortified place, citadel, or high fortress. Romanized form is Pergamum.

​According to historical records, the origins of this city date back to the 8th century BC. However, it is noteworthy that, unlike many cities in Western Anatolia, the first inhabitants of this city were not of Greek origin. Instead, there is a belief among some scholars that the first settlers were actually descendants of Trojans who took refuge after the disastrous Trojan War.

Pergamon was on a tributary of the Bakircay (Caicus River), enclosed by high mountains. Fertile, self-contained and easily defended, it provided the perfect setting for the maintenance of a city state. In the era following the death of Alexander the Great (323 BC), Lysimachus, one of Alexander’s generals, chose Pergamon as the treasury for his vast wealth, placing here 9,000 talents of gold under the guardianship of his lieutenant, Philetaerus. 9000 talents of gold would be worth approximately $18,5 billions USD today. Upon Lysimachus’s death, Philetaerus used this fortune and founded the independent dynasty of the Attalid Kings. Pergamon later became the capital of a flourishing Hellenistic kingdom and one of the principal centers of Hellenistic civilization. Under Kings Attalus I and Eumenes II, Pergamon reached the height of its independent powers. At the same time, however, it began to look to Rome for alliance against the warring Hellenistic rulers. After signalizing himself as a friend of Rome, Attalus I was awarded the Seleucid dominions, making Pergamon a powerful kingdom, comprising of Mysia, Lydia, Caria, Pamphylia and Phrygia. In addition to extending the kingdom, Attalus I adorned his capital with architectural splendors. Attalos defeated the Galatians in 230BC. Eumenes II also brought the city to the climax of its cultural prominence. During the reigns of these two prominent kings, the city so flourished that it could only be compared to Antioch and Alexandria. King Attalus III bequeathed (133 BC) his domains to the Romans, under whom the city retained its position as the preeminent artistic and intellectual center of Anatolia but declined in political and economic importance. In the first years of Roman rule, a civil war was leaded by Aristonikos who claimed to be a non official son of Eumenes II. This civil war took 3 years and ended with his defeat, The city went through the Arab, Byzantine and finally the Turkish period in the 14th century.

Pergamon attained a high culture in the Hellenistic era, boasting an outstanding library that rivaled in importance that of Alexandria, a famous school of sculpture and excellent public buildings and monuments of which the Zeus Altar is the best example. Pergamum had 3 temples: Altar of Zeus, Temple of Athena and Temple of Trajan. In the Roman period, Pergamon played an important role in the early history of Christianity. It was also numbered among the Seven Churches of Revelation. The first Christian bishop of Pergamon, Antipas, was believed to have been martyred here in 92. (Revelation 2:13). Antipas was ordered to sacrifice an animal in the name of pagan gods. Antipas was sentenced to death on the altar of Zeus. (Anti-pas meaning against everything.)

Acropolis: The function of the acropolis in Pergamon was never the same as the function of the acropolis in Athens. In Athens everything was focused on religion, whereas in Pergamon it was on social and cultural activities, or in other words, daily life. As a result of this contrast, major buildings in Pergamon were reserved for public use in daily life. Even in the temples, religion was of secondary importance. Buildings had large areas for the public where they could meet, walk or join in social affairs. Pergamon was the first city to react against functional urbanism of Hippodamus preferring ornamental urbanism. Pergamenes agreed that functionalism was necessary, but that aesthetics were to be given even more consideration. The buildings of the Acropolis were designed to be seen from below and to impress those viewing the city from the valley. Except for the Trajan Temple all the buildings were built in the Hellenistic period during which constructions were made of andesite and very rarely in marble. Heroon, in general, is a shrine dedicated to a deified hero. The Heroon in the Acropolis of Pergamon was the imperial cult or the shrine in which kings of Pergamon, especially Attalus I and Eumenes II, were worshipped. It was a peristyle building made of andesite from the Hellenistic period. 

The Sanctuary of Athena was entered through a propylon which was built by Eumenes II. As written in its inscription, it was dedicated to victory-bringing Athena by King Eumenes. The entrance opens into a courtyard surrounded by three stoas of the Doric order. This also dates from the same period. At the corner near the theater was the Athena Temple in Doric order which was built earlier, in the 3C BC. It was built of andesite and stood on a crepidoma with two steps. 

The Library of Pergamon, built by Eumenes II, was the second of the three famous ancient libraries. It contained 200,000 volumes. A century later Mark Antony gave them to Cleopatra as a wedding present to be added to the collection of the library in Alexandria. The library building was next to the north stoa of the Athena Sanctuary. This was not a coincedance. Athena was known as the protector of science. Most probably, the second floor of the stoa was at the same level with the first floor of the library. It had a large reading hall with many shelves all around, leaving an empty space between walls and shelves for the circulation of air to prevent humidity. Manuscripts were written on parchment then rolled or folded and put on shelves. When the Egyptians prohibited the export of papyrus, the King of Pergamon ordered that a new material be found. The new discovery was "parchment", a fine material from sheep or goat skin, highly polished with pumice stone and slit into sheets. Therefore the name of Pergamon has been perpetuated and seen as synonymous with the word "parchment". They used scrolls which was rolled to a feet long stick. Reader was holding the two ends while reading he was rolling the stick. Codex, todays book shape was also founded in Pergamon. 

The Temple of Trajan was an Imperial temple decorated with Corinthian columns, dating from the 2nd century AD. Dedicated to Trajan, built by his successor Hadrian. Both emperors were worshipped there. The temple was built of marble, probably on the site of a previous Hellenistic building. Before the construction, the area was leveled off by using a successful arched and vaulted substructure. The temple is flanked by stoas on three sides, the one at the back being higher than the others. It was in Corinthian order to have a peripteros plan, with 9 by 6 columns. 

It is said that the Theater in the acropolis of Pergamon is the steepest raked Hellenistic theater in the world. The cavea of the theater which consists of 80 rows of seats is divided into three sections by two diazomas. The capacity was 10,000 people. The construction material is andesite. Because it was originally a Hellenistic theater, there was not a permanent stage building and people sitting on the cavea could see outside and beyond the playing area. In the Hellenistic period, performances were held in a festive atmosphere and took a long time. People spent a lot of time in the theater, usually the minimum of a full day. Therefore, they never wanted to block their view of outside and the stage building, being made of wood, was portable. Square holes at the back of the orchestra were for the portable stage building. The theater was also used during the Roman period with some alterations. ​

Around 278 BC, the Galatians (a Celtic people who had migrated into Anatolia from the Balkans) crossed into Asia Minor. Afterward, the Galatians raided many parts of western Anatolia, including the territories of Pergamon, Ephesus, and other cities in Mysia, Lydia, and Phrygia. The ruler of Pergamon at that time was Philetaerus, founder of the Attalid dynasty. He managed to defend Pergamon successfully, likely by paying the Galatians tribute rather than engaging in open battle. Later, his successor Attalus I defeated the Galatians (around 241–238 BC) and refused to pay them tribute. In the name of the victory against Galatians. As a gratitute to Gods, for their support the people of Pergamom built a huge altar in the name of Zeus about 180 BC, which stands in its own precinct but, most unusually, without a temple. The altar, a marble offering-table, stood on an enormous stone platform, which also supported the double colonnade of Ionic columns enclosing it on three sides. On the fourth side it was approached by a fine stairway, nearly 65 ft wide. Much of the structure and almost all of the friezes are now in Berlin. Decorated with vigorous friezes of life-size figures depicting a battle between gods and giants, its contemporary context is probably King Eumenes II’s celebration of his recent victories over the Galatians. If this is so, then the context incorporates within its apparently straightforward mythology the King’s assertion of his own triumphant role as the defender of traditions against barbarianism. At the top of the Great Altar of Zeus, there was a hallow bronze bull, designed for human sacrifice. The victims tied inside the bull, the head of the person was placed at the head part of the bull. Then a huge fire was lighted under the bull. As the fire heated the bronze, the person inside the bull began to roast and start shouting and crying, through the pipes of the bull which seemed to make the bull alive. Most probably Antipas also died like this. (Holokaust: Wholly burnt animal sacrifice.) In early 19 hundreds German engineer Carl Human by the approval of Ottoman Sultan dismantle the altar and took it to Berlin. In 1930s, the Pergamon Museum opened in Berlin which human sacrifies techniques most probably inspired  most bruthal dictator Hitler. Some of the Nazi Buildings at that time were inspired by the Altar of Zeus.  Zeppelin Field in Nuremberg was one of Albert Speer's first works for the Nazi party and was based on the Pergamon Altar. Albert Speer was the chief architect of the Nazi Party and an ally of Adolf Hitler.

An ingenious aqueduct system stretching for 20 miles was implemented to provide water to the Ancient City of Pergamum. These aqueducts carried water through a network of 240,000 clay pipes, providing a reliable water source for the Acropolis. Circular structures, reminiscent of the wells on the Acropolis, were strategically placed so that water levels could be meticulously monitored. These unique structures served as effective tools for measuring water levels, allowing city officials to closely monitor this vital resource.

The Red Basilica: This building was a 2nd Century AD temple dedicated to Egyptian gods and goddesses especially Serapis (known as Osiris in Egypt) from the time of the Emperor Hadrian. In the Byzantine period it was converted into a basilica. Because of the red bricks used in the construction and its court-like area, it was named the Red Court. The two pools as cold and hot was related to religious rituals. In the cults of Isis and Serapis, water is associated with the Sacred Nile river, meaning abundance. The building was constructed on Selinius river. Serapis has similarities with underworld god Hades (Plouton in Roman Mythology).

Asclepieum was a sanctuary and a healing center built in the name of the god of healing, Asclepius. It was similar to the one in Epidauros in Greece. Although this place was set up in the 4th Century BC, it had its peak in the Roman period.

Asclepius, son of Apollo, the god of healing, was a famous physician. His mother, Coronis, a princess of Thessaly, died when he was an infant. Apollo entrusted the child’s education to Chiron, a centaur, who taught Asclepius the healing arts. Asclepius, when grown, became so skilled in surgery and the use of medicinal plants that he could even restore the dead back to life. Hades, ruler of the dead, became alarmed at this and complained to Zeus, who killed Asclepius with a thunderbolt. Hygiea was the daugther of Asklepion. Hygine word is derived from her name. 

The healing center, Asclepieum, had been something very similar to a modern natural healing clinic. Patients were given exercises, drugs, mud baths, herbal remedies, or could take the honey cure, drink the waters of the spring or be treated by suggestion. They could walk among the trees and be calmed by the scent of pine. Over the gate had been inscribed the words: "In the name of the Gods, Death is forbidden to enter". Terminal patients were not allowed for this ancient healing center. Reputation was so important that they did not want anyone hear that somebody died here. Snakes were sacred to Asclepius because of their power to renew themselves. That is why there was a relief of snakes at the entrance to the sacred area of the medical center symbolizing health. 

Among the famous physicians of the Asclepieum was Galen. Galen was the most outstanding physician of antiquity after Hippocrates. His anatomical studies on animals and observations of how the human body functions dominated medical theory and practice for 1400 years. Galen was born in Pergamon. A shrine to the healing god Asclepius was located in Pergamon and there young Galen observed how the medical techniques of the time were used to treat the ill or wounded. He received his formal medical training in nearby Smyrna and then traveled widely, gaining more medical knowledge. Galen dissected many animals, particularly goats, pigs and monkeys, to demonstrate how different muscles are controlled at different levels of the spinal cord. He also showed that the brain controls the voice. Galen showed that arteries carry blood, disproving the 400 years old belief that arteries carry air. Galen was also highly praised in his time as a philosopher. He closely followed the view of the philosopher Aristotle that nothing in nature is superfluous. Galen’s principal contribution to philosophic thought was the concept that God’s purposes can be understood by examining nature. Galen’s observations in anatomy remained his most enduring contribution. His medical writings were translated by 9th century Arab scholars. Galen used herbal remedies. Today in pharmacy the 'galenical' is derived from his name. Galenical stands for a medicine prepared by extracting one or more active components of a plant.

The Colonnaded Road connected Asclepieum to the city. Originally it was 2,700 ft. Today only a small part of this road is visible. The Propylon was located at the end of the colonnaded road and dates from 2nd Century AD. It had 12 steps and opened into a large courtyard which was surrounded by stoas on three sides. It had beautiful acroteriums one of which can be seen in the Bergama museum. Stoas originally had Ionic capitals but after an earthquake in the 2nd Century AD, some Corinthian capitals were also used. The Library was for both educational and entertainment purposes with many medical books for the physicians and other books for use by the patients. The Theater is a small building in Roman style with a capacity of 3,500 people. It was mainly used for performances to entertain the patients when not receiving treatment. Some claim that the patients were acting as the actors. The first psychological group therapy in the world is practiced in this theater.

The Sacred Fountain provided water believed to have had healing power. Sleeping (incubation) rooms were used to make the patients sleep and analyze their dreams. The Tunnel is a vaulted subterranean passageway. It is 262 ft long. Under the floor ran water which provided relaxing sounds. On the ceiling there are 12 windows to provide sunlight inside the tunnel. The purpose of the tunnel is to make a treatment with the sound of water and provide a cool place for the patients in the hot summer months. Before patients enter to this tunnel, they drank a sedative and slept here in the dormitories while non poisonous snakes crawl among them all night. They were told that the serpent god, Asclepius will talk to them in their dreams and give them a diagnosis. It was believed that the snakes carried the healing power of Asclepius. If a snake wanders on you while you are sleeping, that was a divine sign that the healing power was coming to you. Once patients woke up, they told their dreams to the priests who prescribed their treatments. Finally, the patients made sculptures of the body parts that needed healing and offered them to Asclepius.

The Round Treatment Center was a two-storied building with six apsidal sections. Today only the lower floor remains. The walls and the floor were covered with marble and the roof was made of wood. Water coming through the tunnel, recesses for washing and the sun-terrace show that this room was also used for the treatment of patients. 

The Temple of Asclepius was erected by the Consul of the time in the 2nd Century AD. A famed ancient medical center built in honor of Asklepios, the god of healing. It was also the world's first psychiatric hospital. The main part of the temple was cylindrical and covered by a dome. The floor and the walls were decorated with marble mosaics. There were many statues of gods and deities related to health including those of Asclepius himself. Hygenia and Telesphoros are also depicted here. Hygenia symbolzing health and Telesphoros curement. Telephoros was child god first discovered in Pergamon, later on worshipped in some ancient sites too. This building can be accepted as one of the earliest structures with a dome in Anatolia.

​The Asklepion gained in prominence under the Romans in the 2nd century AD, but a sacred site existed here as early as the 4th century BC. Many of the treatments employed at Pergamon, in complement with a sacred source of water that was later discovered as having radioactive properties, have been used for centuries and are once again finding modern application.Quite unlike modern hospitals, everybody who was anybody was dying to get in to the Asklepion: patients included Hadrian, Marcus Aurelius, and Caracalla. But then again, the Asklepion was more like a modern spa than a hospital: therapy included mud baths, music concerts, and doses of water from the sacred fountain. Galen, the influential physician and philosopher who was born in Pergamon in 129 AD, trained and then later became an attendant to the gladiators here. Access to the Asklepeion is via the Sacred Way, which at 807m (2,690 ft.) long and colonnaded, originally connected the Asklepeion with the Acropolis. The sacred way becomes the stately Via Tecta near the entrance to the site and leads to a courtyard and fallen Propylaeum, or Monumental Gate. Reachable through an underground tunnel is what is traditionally called the Temple of Telesphorus, which served as both the treatment rooms and the sleeping chambers, an indication that sleep was integral in the actual healing process. At various spots in the center of the complex are a total of three pools and fountains, used for bathing, drinking, and various other forms of treatment. The northern colonnade, with 17 columns still in place, leads from the library to the restored theater, set into the slope of the hill. The theater hosts classical plays during the annual Bergama Festival. The semicircular Roman Theatre flanks the colonnaded promenade on the northwest corner of the site. Hours of therapy also probed the meaning of the previous night's dreams, as patients believed dreams recounted a visit by the god Asklepios, who held the key to curing illness. The treatments included psychotherapy, massage, herbal remedies, mud and bathing treatments, the interpretation of dreams, and the drinking of water. 

There was also an amphitheater close by. Amphi means double, meaning double theater. It is among the two amphitheaers of Asia Minor. Amphitheaters were especially constructed for Gladitioral Games. Some days are Arena was filled with water for naval battle plays. Water is supplied from the pond close by.

When Julius Caesar was about 25 years old, he was sailing to the island of Rhodes, he was captured by Cilician pirates. They demanded 20 talents (520kg) of silver ransom; Caesar laughed and said he was worth 50. While in captivity, he maintained an arrogant calm, he joked with them, wrote poetry, and even promised to crucify them once he was free. After the ransom was paid and he was released, Caesar immediately raised a small naval force in the nearby city of Miletus. He pursued, captured, and executed the same pirates in Pergamon. 

We are happy to offer you an unforgettable travel experience with our Private Pegamon Tours starting from Izmir, Kusadası, Selcuk and Sirince. We also visit Bergama during our 7 Churches Tour  Turkey. As experts in our field, we ensure that every aspect of your journey is meticulously planned and executed with the highest level of professionalism. Immerse yourself in the ancient wonders of Pegamon, discover its rich history and marvel at its architectural marvels. Our personalized tours cater to your unique preferences, allowing you to explore more deeply the intriguing stories of this ancient city. Please feel free to contact us to learn more and embark on a truly extraordinary adventure. We are here to help you design a custom itinerary that suits your specific interests and needs.

Suggested Pergamon Tour Itinerary:
After meeting with your knowledgeable tour guide, embark on a scenic journey to Bergama, also known as Bergama. The highlight of your visit is undoubtedly the awe-inspiring Acropolis, perched atop a hill. From this viewpoint you will be treated to a fascinating panorama of the surrounding landscape. As you explore the ruins of the Acropolis, be sure to marvel at the once-great library famous for housing a staggering 200,000 volumes. Interestingly, these valuable books and scrolls were gifted to Cleopatra by Marcus Antonius as a wedding gift. Another interesting stop on your itinerary is the Altar of Zeus, intriguingly mentioned in the Book of Revelation as "Throne of Satan". Next, head towards Trajan's Temple, a monumental structure that has been partially restored, offering a glimpse of its former glory. But the wonders of Bergama do not end there; The famous Temple of Asklepios is waiting for you. This sacred site once housed a revitalizing fountain that provided solace to those seeking healing. According to legend, Asclepius granted them visions that revealed the path to healing. Finally, your journey ends when you return to your hotel after a delicious lunch at a local restaurant, touring the picturesque countryside along the way.

We organize Private Ephesus Tours from Izmir airport. Travelers who stay in Istanbul can make a day trip to Ephesus. The closest airport to Ephesus is Izmir Airport which is 45 minutes drive to the ancient city of Ephesus. Flight from Istanbul to Izmir Airport takes approximately 1 hour..

We provide exclusive Private Ephesus Tours including pick up and drop off from/to Izmir Airport and Izmir Airport Hotels.

​For travelers who will be flying from Istanbul we recommend the following flights: 
​* Please note that there two airports located in Istanbul. Istanbul Airport (IST) and Istanbul Sabiha Gokcen Airport (SAW). Istanbul Airport is located in the European side and Sabiha Gokcen is located in the Asian Side of Istanbul.  

​Airlines flying to Izmir Airport from Istanbul Airports:

• Pegasus : http://www.flypgs.com/
• Turkish Airlines : https://www.turkishairlines.com/​

​* Generally a private tour of Ephesus takes approximately 8 hours. Therefore we recommned our guests to book 8am flight from Istanbul to Izmir and 6pm flight from Izmir to Istanbul. We recommend to book the below flights:

There is also an airport in Selcuk. Ephesus Airport in Selcuk is under the management and supervision of the Turkish Aeronautical Association. Strategically located near the renowned ancient city of Ephesus, this airport caters to various aviation activities such as ultralight flights, parachute jumps, as well as private and commercial flight training. It is important to note that Ephesus Airport does not operate scheduled flights; instead, it exclusively welcomes private jets for landings. 

Exploring Ephesus independently is indeed possible, offering more flexibility and freedom to wander at your own pace. However, to delve deeper into the historical significance of this remarkable site, a guided tour in Ephesus can elevate your experience. By engaging with one of our knowledgeable Ephesus tour guides, you can gain insights and a deeper understanding of the events that unfolded in this ancient city. Immerse yourself in the rich history as you visit the ruins.  Enriching your travel experience and leaving you with a newfound appreciation for the significance of Ephesus.

Izmir Airport Hotels Booking.com links:
Orty Airport Hotel
Tav Airport Hotel Izmir
​DoubleTree By Hilton Izmir Airport

​Below please find suggested programs for Ephesus tours from Izmir Airport and Izmir Airport Hotels:

​IZMIR No. 2
Ephesus full day tour from Izmir Airport
Temple of Artemis, Ephesus Ancient City, Ephesus Experience Museum, Traditional Turkish Lunch (7 hours)
Boarding your vehicle at Izmir Airport. Start your journey from Izmir Airport to Ephesus. Drive south to Selcuk Town. En-route see the cotton fields, vineyards and pine woods while driving along the blue Aegean shores. Your first stop will be the Temple of Artemis, one of the 7 wonders of ancient world. Continue to Ephesus where you start at the Upper Gate and  walk downhill through the city. Your tour guide will point out the sights, bringing  the history of Ephesus to life as you pause at the Odeon, Upper Agora, Town Hall, Fountain of Trajan, Temple of Hadrian and Domitianus, Memmius Memorial,  Roman Baths and extraordinary Library of Celsus. At the end of a marble street leading from the library, gaze up at the impressive theater, built to seat 25.000 people. Before concluding your visit to Ephesus, make sure to stop by the Ephesus Experience Museum to immerse yourself in an 18-minute audio-visual show that showcases the wonders of Ephesus. The museum's carefully curated exhibition provides a unique and insightful journey into the history and culture of this ancient city, allowing visitors to deepen their understanding of this remarkable archaeological site. By attending the audio-visual show, you will not only be entertained but also enriched with fascinating facts and visuals that bring the rich heritage of Ephesus to life in a professional and engaging manner. Enjoy a lunch in the grounds of a country house. Here you will see a private demonstration of the traditional  carpet making process from dying to spinning to weawing at a school where young  girls are trained in the craft.  Afterwards drive back to Izmir airport. 

IZMIR No.3
Ephesus Biblical tour from Izmir Airport
Full Day tour of Ephesus, House of Mary & Basilica of St. John (8 hours) 
Biblical sites, including  Mary's last-known dwelling place, the ancient city of Ephesus and a relaxing  luncheon are featured in this fascinating, full-day excursion. As your vehicle  makes its way along the Aegean Coast, you will pass some of the regions fertile lands. As you reach the silted valley, time seems to come to a halt and then reverse. After a steep drive up Mt. Pagus, you will arrive at a stone chapel.  This converted house probably dates from the 1st century and was envisioned by a  German nun as the site where the Virgin Mary spent her last days. Continuing to Ephesus, leave your coach at the parking area and proceed on foot through  Magnesia Gate. As you stroll along the old marble streets, you will pass the  Odeon and Upper Agora. You will also see the ornate Hadrian Temple, the remains of some Terrace houses, the beautifully restored facade of the Celsus Library, the Roman Baths of Scholastica, the Commercial Agora and the theater, which accommodates 25,000  spectators and is still used for occasional performances. After your visit to Ephesus, re-board your vehicle for an ejoyable lunch.  Afterwards enjoy a presentation about Turkish weavings , see the girls at the looms  knotting carpets and kilims. Learn about the natural dyes and learn the  differences between Silk , flosh , wool and cotton weavings for handmade rugs.  The proprietors will give a fascinating demonstration of the local traditional  crafts. Next is the Basilica of St. John, one of the seven churches of Asia  Minor, is your final stop before your return to Izmir Airport.  

IZMIR No.4
Ephesus and Sirince Village Tour from Izmir Airport (8 hours)
Meet with your guide in front of the Izmir airport passenger terminal. Depart the pier for the an hour drive to the magnificent site of Ephesus. Ephesus is the best preserved of the Greek/Roman cities in Anatolia and  while you are visiting the ancient ruins of this magnificent site and your tour guide  will bring them alive. You will see the beautiful Celsus Library, restored and  reconstructed according to its original form by the architect  Friedmund Hueber  in the 1970's. The most spectacular building of Ephesus is the Grand Theater,  built during the Hellenistic age to hold 25,000 spectators.  Before concluding your visit to Ephesus, make sure to stop by the Ephesus Experience Museum to immerse yourself in an 18-minute audio-visual show that showcases the wonders of Ephesus.  After a visit to Ephesus Antique  Site, you will arrive at Sirince Village. This old Orthodox Village, 30 km from Kusadasi, was once "Cirkince"(ugly). Indeed its inhabitants gave this name on  the purpose as they did not want to be bothered by foreigners nor to share the  beauty of their village. Still after years, visitors understood that the village  was not ugly and called it "Sirince" (pretty). Today the village is a perfect synthesis of Turkish-Greek culture as of the 1920's; after the Turkish  Independence War, people exchange between Greek and Turks has occurred and all  those typical Greek houses, though they kept their original outside  characteristics, have received the local layout inside. At Sirince Village you  will have chance of seeing the local life at a village and purchasing some small  local souvenirs and handicrafts. The village is also famous for its local grape  and other fruit wines. During the lunch, mingle with the local people of the  village. Have a cup of traditional Turkish coffee at the main coffee house of  the village. 

Private Ephesus tour from Izmir airport price : 245 Euros (Total to be paid up to 6 people)

* Above rate is NOT a per person price. It is total to be paid 1-6 people.
* On certain dates we offer %20 discount. Discounted Ephesus Tour Dates
* For groups, more than 6 people, please contact us.

Rates Cover:

• Services of an excellent English speaking tour Guide 
• A/C Mercedes MPV
• All transportation costs.
• Tax, service charges.
• Pick up and drop off from/to Izmir Airport.
• Traditional Turkish Lunch 

Rates Do Not Cover:

• Entrance fees to the sites.
• Drinks during lunch​

* There is no admission fee for children under 8 years old. For the proof of age, please bring passport copies with you.

​* There is no prepayment required for the reservation. To avoid disappointment, we recommend making your private tour reservation at earliest possible.

Payment Terms:
Payment can be made in Euros, Turkish Liras, British Pounds and US Dollars cash at the end of the tour. There is no prepayment required for the booking.

Cancellation Policy
You can cancel a tour 72 hours in advance of your tour departure without any charges. If you would like to cancel a tour, simply send us an email and we will  be happy to assist you. Once you are within the 24 hour tour departure window,  the tour becomes non-refundable. This is because our guide and vehicle have set  aside space to accommodate your request and will often not be able to  fill that  space with another customer so close to departure. Forcruise passengers, there is no cancellation fee if your ship does not call to the port in any reason.
​
* For private tour booking, Kindly advise us the following:

1. Full names of all the members of your group.
2. Number of people in your group.
3. Date of Arrival 
4. Arrival and departure flight details.​
5. Tour code or name of the sites you would like to visit.
6. WhatsApp or phone number (while travelling).

To book an Ephesus Tour from Izmir Airport and for more information please contact us.

Miletus was located by the river Meandros where English word meandering also originated from. The length of the Meandros River is 550 km. Sourced from Denizli Province and has been silting up the bay where Miletus and Priene cities are located.

First settlement dates back to 1600 BC by Minoans and Mycenaeans. According to the legend, the city was founded by Neleus, son of King Codrus of Athens. The residents were Carians and Cretans who moved here from a city having the same name. Neleus came to settle with his men and killed the resident males, forcing the women to marry the newcomers. After this took place the women swore not to sit at the same table with their husbands and also not to call them by their names and this became a tradition for the next generations. The city is also mentioned in the Hittite inscriptions as Milawanda.

In the 11th century BC Ionians came to Miletus, and by 7th century BC Miletus was at its peak which was to last for more than two centuries. Miletus colonized over 90 cities such as Sinope, Amissos, Trapezos... located at the Black Sea shores of Anatolia.

With other cities of Ionia in 499 BC, Miletus rebelled against the Persians, who had captured, burned it to the ground and enslaved its surviving population. This last battle was that of Lade (Island of Lade) in 494 BC, just outside the harbor of Miletus where the Persian fleet of 600 warships defeated the Ionian force. The role of Miletus was significant in the defeat of the Persians at the Mycale battle in 479 BC. Shortly after the battle, Miletus joined the Delian Confederacy with a contribution larger than that of Ephesus. Miletus joined this alliance with 80 ships while Priene was joined with 12 ships. Upon an agreement between the Persian Satrap and Athens, Miletus and other Ionian cities of Anatolia came under the rule of the Persians again. At the end of the 5the century BC Miletus, was ruled by the Carian satraps. Captured by Alexander the Great after a siege in 334 BC. Miletus were among the cities who fought with Persians against Alexander's Army and defended their land. After being ruled by the Seleucid Dynasty in the following years, Miletus remained an important trade center in Roman times.

In the Hellenistic period, Miletus was one of the largest cities in Anatolia with a population of between 80,000 and 100,000. Highly prosperous, it founded many colonies and was the home of the 6th century BC philosophers Anaximander, Anaximenes, and Thales, the town planner Hippodamus and architect Isidorus. Miletus seems to have produced geniuses the way Aphrodisias produced sculptors. Anaximander known as the father of geography by drawing the first map of the world. Thales was the most important among them. He was considered to be one of the 7 geniuses of the Ancient World as well as Bias of Priene and Solon of Athens. In 585 BC by calculating the solar eclipse, he became very famous. He believed that the source of life and living creations is out of water. He also calculated the height of the pyramids. Furthermore, he managed this by checking up with help of the length of a person's shadow. In the day time when a person's shadow was equal to his height, he made the calculations with the Pyramids.

The word Didyma meant "twins' ' and was associated by some as being the meeting place of Zeus and Leto to have their twins Apollo and Artemis. Didyma was famed as a prophecy center dedicated to Apollo which served a similar purpose as the Delphi of Anatolia. It was not a city but a sanctuary linked to Miletus by Milesians with a 12 miles sacred road. However, this road was constructed at the end of the 1st century AD during the reign of Trajan. Before his reign citizens of Miletus used to sail to Panormos and then walk to the temple. In addition to pilgrimages made by sea, some festivals of drama, music and sports were held there every four years.

Even though it is thought that there was a shrine there before the Ionians came in the 10th century BC, a temple at the same site was built in the 6th century BC. According to the legend, it was founded and ruled many years by a noble family called Brankhidae  According to Myth, Branchos was a shephard that Apollo met him in the vicinity of Miletus and Didyma. He is recognized as a lover of the god Apollo. Apollo granted prophetic abilities to Branchos, establishing the foundation for the priestly lineage of the Branchidae at Didyma. The Branchidae, a prominent priest family at Didyma, claimed descent from Branchos.

Later destroyed by the Persians in 494 BC. In the 4the century BC Milesians started to rebuild the temple but could not complete it because of financial difficulties. When Alexander was in Didyma, it is prophesied that Alexander is the son of Zeus and will have a victory in Gaugamela. In the 1st and 4th centuries AD Roman emperors tried but could not complete the construction either. Later in the Byzantine period Theodosius II had a church built in the open air courtyard which was destroyed by an earthquake in the 15C AD.
Jesus' identity whether he is a god or a human was also consulted at Apollon temple. The answer was "he was a human when he was alive''. Among the people who were consulting there were villagers as well as kings and commanders.

The Temple of Apollo at Didyma, with its renowned oracle, attracted many significant figures throughout history. Here are some of the notable individuals associated with visits or involvement:

• Alexander the Great: Following his victories over the Persians, Alexander the Great played a significant role in the temple's revival. His association with the temple enhanced its prestige.
• Roman Emperors: Several Roman emperors showed interest in Didyma:
  • Commodus: During the reign of Commodus, the Didyma games were renamed the Commodeia in his honor.
  • Hadrian: Hadrian visited Miletus and Didyma in 129 AD, and also acted as a Prophet, which was the highest office within the sanctuary.
  • Trajan: Inscriptions indicate that Emperor Trajan renewed the Sacred Way connecting Miletus and Didyma.
  • Caligula: There are records of Caligula's attempts to continue the building of the temple.
  • Julius Caesar: He expanded the area of asylum at Didyma.
• Historical Writers and Explorers: Throughout the centuries, various writers and explorers documented their visits to Didyma, providing valuable historical records:
  • Pausanius: A 2nd-century AD Greek traveler and writer who provided descriptions of ancient Greece.
  • Herodotus: One of the earliest written sources referencing Didyma.

Even in its unfinished state the Apollo Temple was regarded as one of the largest temples of the Hellenistic world, comparable to the Artemis Temple in Ephesus or the Heraion at Samos. The temple was 360 ft long and 167 ft wide with a height of 78 ft. It is a dípteros in Ionic order, The temple aimed to have 120 columns 108 of them surrounding the building by a double row and 12 in the pronaos. Only 72 of the columns were able to be erected. Each column was 60 freet. Because of its gigantic size, it never had a roof.

As George Bean points out in Aegean Turkey, the Apollo Temple "serves as a reminder that vastness in architecture was not purely a monopoly of the Romans''. It was an unusual temple, not only because of its huge size but also for its antechamber with two Corinthian columns and two tunnels that led into the cellar. The antechamber which was also termed as Cresmographeion probably served as an oracle office where prophecies were written out and delivered to people. In the middle of the temple there is an open air courtyard (adyton) with another Ionic shrine which housed the cult statue of Apollo. There were a few hot springs where the priestess of Didyma immersed her feet or inhaled the water’s vapors for inspiration before prophesying. The huge Medusa relief standing next to the temple is a 2nd century AD piece which has fallen off the frieze. A little further stand the remains of an altar and a well.

Before asking for a prophecy from the priests in the pronaos, people purified themselves with water from the well and gave votive offerings in the altar. They were not allowed to go near the head nun Phytia. Male priests were putting the verbal explanations of Pythia into words. The sacred water and the water steam was the source of prophecy. Priests of Didyma were considered to be the highest rank officers in the city of Miletus. They were elected and had to live in Didyma during their service period.
Next to Apollon temple there was a temple dedicated to Artemis and a stadium. The steps of the temple were used as seats to the stadium. Names for the reserved seats can still be noted.  

* Recommended from Kusadasi Cruise Port, Kusadasi and Selcuk Hotels.
​Duration: 8 hours
Embark on a captivating full-day journey through ancient history with a meticulously planned tour to the remarkable sites of Priene, Miletus, and Didyma. As you meet your guide, prepare to immerse yourself in the splendor of these archaeological gems. The city of Priene, once situated by the sea, now stands 16km away due to the shifting Meander River. Designed with a Hippodamian grid plan, Priene showcases stunning examples of Hellenistic art and architecture at the foot of Mount Mycale. Moving on to Miletus, an influential city on trade routes, you'll explore its rich history that nurtured renowned philosophers and architects. Complete your tour with a visit to Didyma. A prophecy center devoted to Apollo, Didyma's allure lies in its sacred connection to Miletus by a 12-mile road.
* This tailored experience is ideal for seasoned travelers who seek a deeper understanding of the ancient wonders beyond Ephesus, promising a day of awe-inspiring exploration and cultural enrichment.
​
For more information, please contact us.